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导入热带种质是拓宽我国玉米种质遗传基础，改变现有亲本自交系遗传基础狭窄的途径之一。鉴此，对５份温带自交系、４份导入了热带种质的温带自交系和１份热带种质自交系进行了双列杂交试验，评价籽粒产量、穗长、株高等１０个主要性状的ＧＣＡ和ＳＣＡ。结果表明，在籽粒产量等多数性状上ＧＣＡ效应值高的有８７００１、Ｓ３７、２００Ｂ和３７３－６等；ＳＣＡ方差（σ＿（ｓｉ）￣２）值小的有８７００１和２００Ｂ；（σ＿（ｓｉ）￣２）值大的有４８－２、４７８、７８５１和８７００２等。以遗传距离进行聚类分析表明，１０个自交系可划分为３类，即８７００２、７８５１、４７８、３７３－６和３７３２－３为一类群：７８５４和２００Ｂ为一类群；４８－２、Ｓ３７和８７００１为另一类群。热带种质导入量＜１／４～１／８的自交系其配合力、抗逆性、株叶型等农艺性状改良效果较理想。
Introduction of tropical germplasm is one of the ways to broaden the genetic basis of maize germplasm in China and to change the genetic basis of existing parents. In this study, five inbred lines, four introduced tropical germplasm inbred lines and one inbred line of tropical inbred lines were double-crosses to evaluate the grain yield, spike length, plant height 10 The main traits of GCA and SCA. The results showed that most of the traits such as grain yield were 87001, S37, 200B and 373-6 with high GCA effects; 87001 and 200B with small SCA variance (σ ~ (si) ~ 2) ~ 2) value of 48-2,478,7851 and 87002 and so on. Cluster analysis based on genetic distance indicated that 10 inbred lines could be divided into 3 groups, namely 87002, 7851, 478, 373-6 and 3732-3 as a group: 7854 and 200B as a group; 48-2, S37 And 87001 for another group. Inbred lines with tropical germplasm introduction <1/4 ~ 1/8 had better agronomic traits, such as combining ability, stress resistance and plant leaf type.