肿瘤坏死因子是一种重要的免疫调节因子，具有较强的抗肿瘤效应、非种属特异性与时相特异性，对不同谱系肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用存在敏感性差异。ＴＮＦ抗肿瘤效应是通过多途径的综合机制发挥作用的。其中，转ＴＮＦ基因在体内的表达呈现旁分泌效应的局部抗瘤特性而发挥强效抗癌作用。免疫效应细胞及大多数细胞因子与ＴＮＦ具有协同抗肿瘤效应，而效应细胞产生的内源性ＴＮＦ能增强其自身的抗肿瘤效应 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important immunomodulatory factor with strong anti-tumor effect, non-species specificity, and time-specificity. There are differences in the cytotoxicity of tumor cells of different lineages. The anti-tumor effects of TNF play a role through an integrated mechanism of multiple pathways. Among them, the expression of the TNF gene in vivo exhibits a paracrine antitumor activity and exerts a potent anticancer effect. The immune effector cells and most of the cytokines and TNF have a synergistic anti-tumor effect, while the endogenous TNF produced by the effector cells can enhance its own anti-tumor effect.