论文部分内容阅读
目的了解某水泥厂接触粉尘作业人员健康现状,探讨粉尘对作业工人健康的影响。方法以某水泥厂150名(男107名,女43名)粉尘作业工人为观察组,以市企、事业单位职工150人(男100人,女50人)作为对照组,进行职业健康检查。包括职业史、主诉、内科、尿常规、血常规、心电图、B超、胸部X线透视或照片,接尘工龄大于3a的作业工人选做了肺功能项目检查。结果观察组咳嗽、咳痰、气短、咽喉痛、鼻黏膜干燥为主要表现的呼吸系统症状检出率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。另外,食欲不振、全身酸痛、四肢麻木以及以尿频、尿急为主要表现的尿不适症状检出率也显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组中血压偏高、尿常规异常、血常规异常检出率明显高于对照组(P<0.05和P<0.01)。肺功能异常的检出率,观察组与对照组之间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=38.07,P<0.01),主要表现为观察组肺功能损害特征以限制性肺通气功能障碍为主。结论该水泥厂粉尘对工人身体危害比较严重。建议相关部门加强对乡镇企业的监管,减少职业危害因素损害作业工人健康。
Objective To understand the health status of workers exposed to dust in a cement plant and to discuss the effects of dust on the health of workers. Methods 150 workers (107 males and 43 females) in a cement plant were employed as the observation group. Occupational health examination was conducted with 150 employees (100 males and 50 females) in municipal enterprises and public institutions. Including occupational history, chief complaint, internal medicine, urine routine, blood, electrocardiogram, B-ultrasound, chest X-ray or photo, dust workers over the age of 3a workers were selected for pulmonary function test. Results The detection rate of respiratory symptoms in cough, sputum, shortness of breath, sore throat and dry nasal mucosa in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). In addition, loss of appetite, body aches, limb numbness and urinary frequency, urinary urgency as the main manifestation of urinary symptoms symptoms were significantly higher than the control group (P <0.01). In the observation group, high blood pressure, irregular urinalysis and abnormal blood tests were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group (P <0.05 and P <0.01). The detection rate of abnormal lung function, the difference between the observation group and the control group was statistically significant (χ2 = 38.07, P <0.01), the main performance of the observation group of pulmonary dysfunction characterized by restrictive pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Conclusion The cement plant dust poses a serious hazard to the workers. Suggestions to relevant departments to strengthen the supervision of township enterprises, reduce occupational hazards and damage the health of workers.