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目的:本实验通过观察卵巢切除和衰老对基底前脑的内侧隔核和斜角带水平肢的乙酰胆碱转移酶胆碱能神经元变化,来探讨卵巢切除和衰老对基底前脑的胆碱能神经元胞体和突起的影响。方法:通过利用乙酰胆碱转移酶免疫组织化学的方法观察正常成年雌性组、切除卵巢组和老年组的动物胆碱能神经元形态和突起的变化。结果:切除卵巢组的动物的胆碱能神经元的细胞数(237±8),细胞大小(100.86±37.01)μm2,突起长度(100.86±37.01)与正常成年雌性组之间有明显的差异性(t=4.82～33.08,P<0.05)。正常雌性组和老年组的乙酰胆碱转移酶的细胞数(320±11,185±12;220±14,164±11),细胞大小(172±63,200±69;125±38,129±44),突出数目(1.17±0.45,1.64±0.23;0.76±0.45,1.17±0.42)有明显的差异性(t=9.11～31.02,P<0.05)。结论:切除卵巢和衰老能够引起基底前脑的胆碱能神经元胞体大小、数目及其突起数目的明显减少,这有可能解释衰老或神经退行性疾病导致的认知功能障碍。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ovariectomy and senescence on the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain by observing the changes of acetylcholinesterase cholinergic neurons in medial septum and horizontal limbs of basal forebrain by ovariectomy and aging Cell body and processes. Methods: The changes of cholinergic neurons in the ovariectomized group and the aged group were observed by using the immunohistochemical method of acetylcholinetransferase. Results: The numbers of cholinergic neurons in the ovariectomized group (237 ± 8), cell size (100.86 ± 37.01) μm2, and protrusion length (100.86 ± 37.01) were significantly different from those in the normal adult females (t = 4.82 ~ 33.08, P <0.05). The number of cells (320 ± 11,185 ± 12; 220 ± 14,164 ± 11), cell size (172 ± 63,200 ± 69; 125 ± 38,129 ± 44) and number of protrusions (1.17 ± 0.45, 1.64 ± 0.23; 0.76 ± 0.45 and 1.17 ± 0.42 respectively) (t = 9.11-31.02, P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ovariectomy and aging can cause a significant decrease in the size, number, and number of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, which may explain the cognitive dysfunction caused by aging or neurodegenerative diseases.