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目的了解安康市汉阴县人群乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)携带率和乙肝病毒感染率,评价1992年乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫管理和2002年将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫及GAVI项目实施的效果。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,在全县抽取1～59岁人群306人,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法测定血清HBsAg、抗-HBs、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)。结果安康市汉阴县1～59岁人群HBsAg阳性率为4.9%,抗-HBs阳性率为57.2%,抗-HBc阳性率为32.7%,HBV感染率为50.7%。免疫组HBV感染率显著低于未免疫组和免疫史不详组,抗-HBs阳性率显著高于未免疫组和免疫史不详组。HBV感染率15～59岁组明显高于其他年龄组,5～14岁组高于1～4岁组。结论接种乙肝疫苗可有效降低乙肝感染率,应采取综合措施防控乙肝发病。
Objective To understand the carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Hanyin County, Ankang City. To evaluate the planned immunization management of hepatitis B vaccine in children in 1992 and the plan of immunization of hepatitis B vaccine in children and GAVI project in 2002 effect. Methods Using multistage random sampling method, 306 people aged 1-59 years were sampled in the county. Serum HBsAg, anti-HBs, and hepatitis B virus core antibody (anti-HBc) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In Hanyin County, Ankang City, HBsAg positive rate was 4.9%, anti-HBs positive rate was 57.2%, anti-HBc positive rate was 32.7% and HBV infection rate was 50.7%. The HBV infection rate in the immunized group was significantly lower than that in the non-immunized group and unknown immunized group, and the positive rate of anti-HBs was significantly higher than that of the non-immunized group and the immunologically unknown group. The HBV infection rate was significantly higher in 15- 59 age group than in other age groups, while in 5- 14-year-old group was higher than that in 1-4 years old group. Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination can effectively reduce the rate of hepatitis B infection, and comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and control hepatitis B.