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自“92·8”洪水以来,黄河下游部分河段在中常洪水条件下多次出现历史最高洪水位,特别是“96·8”洪水属于低含沙中常洪水,但在夹河滩以上长达200 km 的河段内全线出现历史最高洪水位,引起了人们的广泛关注。本文从河床淤积及断面形态调整两个方面,揭示了近年来黄河下游游荡性河道中常洪水水位偏高的原因,阐明了高含沙洪水与低含沙洪水均表现出较高水位在发生机理上的异同,同时,定量估算了“96·8”洪水期三门峡水库小洪水排沙对花园口以上河段水位的影响。
Since the “92.8” flood, some of the lower reaches of the Yellow River have experienced the highest historical floods for many times under the conditions of normal floods. In particular, the “96.8%” floods are often floods with low sediment concentrations, More than 200 km above the river reaches the highest historical floods across the board, has aroused widespread concern. In this paper, the reason of the high flood level in the wandering channel of the lower Yellow River in recent years is revealed from two aspects of river bed siltation and section morphology adjustment. It is clarified that both the high silt flood and the low silt flood show the mechanism of higher water level Meanwhile, the influence of sediment discharge of small flood in Sanmenxia reservoir on the water level above Huayuankou was quantitatively estimated at the “96.8” flood season.