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目的探讨来宾市近几年5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,为预防儿童死亡、降低5岁以下儿童死亡率提供依据。方法对2010-2015年来宾市5岁以下儿童死亡数据资料进行回顾性分析,采用SPSS15.0软件包统计新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率及死因分类。结果 6年来宾全市5岁以下儿童死亡1713例,平均死亡率8.55‰(1713/200 424)。新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率逐年下降,新生儿死亡率下降幅度最大,2015年比2010年下降75.88%;婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别从2010年的9.48‰(281/29 629)和11.85‰(351/29 629)下降到2015年的3.39‰(170/35 443)和4.80‰(170/35 443);下降幅度分别为64.24%和59.49%。2014年以前死因分类前三位为早产、出生窒息和肺炎;2015年死因分类前三位为意外死亡、肺炎和早产。结论近几年,来宾市5岁以下儿童死亡呈逐年下降趋势,早产、出生窒息和肺炎仍是主要死因,意外死亡排位上升,贫困地区“十三五”期间既要精准扶贫又要进一步降低儿童死亡率,妇幼卫生工作任重道远。
Objective To investigate the main causes of death of children under 5 years old in Laibin in recent years and provide the basis for preventing child death and reducing the mortality of children under 5 years old. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of deaths among children under 5 years of age in Laibin City from 2010 to 2015. The SPSS15.0 software package was used to count the neonatal and infant mortality rates and the causes of death among children under 5 years of age. Results In the past 6 years, 1713 children under the age of 5 died in Binbin City, with an average mortality rate of 8.55% (1713/200 424). Newborns, infants, children under 5 years of age declined year by year, the neonatal mortality rate dropped the most in 2015, down 75.88% over 2010; infant mortality rate and under-5 mortality rate from 9.48 ‰ in 2010 (281 / 29 629) and 11.85 ‰ (351/29 629) to 3.39 ‰ (170/35 443) and 4.80 ‰ (170/35 443) in 2015; the decreases were 64.24% and 59.49% respectively. The top three causes of death before 2014 were premature birth, asphyxiation and pneumonia at birth; the top three causes of death in 2015 were accidental death, pneumonia and prematurity. Conclusions In recent years, the death rate of children under the age of 5 in Laibin City has been declining year by year. Premature birth, birth asphyxia and pneumonia are still the major causes of death, and the accidental death ranks are on the rise. In poor areas, both poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation To further reduce child mortality, maternal and child health has a long way to go.