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目的了解长宁区初中生自杀意念流行状况及其影响因素,为制定有效降低青少年自杀率的干预措施提供理论依据。方法分层整取随机抽取长宁区初中生1 011名,应用自行设计的问卷进行匿名封闭式调查。结果 1 011名被调查者中,25.02%曾有过自杀意念,3.17%曾经很想自杀,1.78%曾经想过实施自杀。女生和男生的自杀意念发生率分别为27.02%和23.29%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=14.209,P<0.01)。不同年级、不同成绩水平初中生间自杀意念报告率差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为24.468,26.640,P值均<0.05),年级越高、成绩越差,越容易产生自杀意念。22项生活事件与自杀意念有关(P值均<0.05),其中影响较显著的为厌学情绪和家庭施加学习压力(χ~2值分别为127.542,116.451,P值均<0.01)。厌学和受到家庭学习压力的学生中44.34%,34.76%曾有自杀意念。42项父母教养方式与自杀意念有关(P值均<0.05)。性别、年龄、不喜欢上学、家庭施加学习压力、父母过分干涉、严厉惩罚是学生产生自杀意念的危险因素(OR值分别为2.143,1.310,2.406,1.302,1.501,1.653)。结论初中生产生自杀意念与多种影响因素有关,应结合青少年不同的性别、心理、家庭情况等特征制定契合的干预方法,以降低自杀意念的形成。
Objective To understand the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its influencing factors among junior high school students in Changning District, and to provide a theoretical basis for making interventions that can effectively reduce the suicide rate among adolescents. Methods A total of 1 011 junior high school students in Changning District were randomly selected and stratified to carry out anonymous closed-end surveys using self-designed questionnaires. Results Of the 1 011 respondents, 25.02% had suicidal ideation, 3.17% had wanted to commit suicide, and 1.78% had ever thought of committing suicide. The incidence of suicidal ideation among girls and boys was 27.02% and 23.29%, respectively, with statistical significance (χ ~ 2 = 14.209, P <0.01). There were significant differences in the reported rates of suicide ideation among junior middle school students at different grades and grades (χ ~ 2 = 24.468 and 26.640, respectively, P <0.05). The higher the grade, the worse the grades, and the more likely suicidal ideation occurred. Twenty-two life events were related to suicidal ideation (P <0.05). Among them, the most influential were exerting study-tired feelings and family learning pressure (χ ~ 2 = 127.542, 116.451, P <0.01 respectively). 44.34% and 34.76% of students who were tired of learning and undergoing family study had committed suicide. 42 parental rearing patterns were associated with suicidal ideation (P <0.05). Sex, age, do not like to go to school, families exert pressure on learning, parents over interference, severe punishment is a risk factor for students to make suicidal ideation (OR values were 2.143,1.310,2.406,1.302,1.501,1.653). Conclusions Junior high school students’ attitudes toward suicide are related to many influencing factors. Intervention methods should be established according to different characteristics of adolescents such as gender, psychology and family situation so as to reduce the formation of suicidal ideation.