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通过对宁夏农垦45 309 hm2耕地土壤的调查分析,结果表明:垦区耕地土壤分9个类型,19个亚类,不同土类占总耕地面积的比重依次是灰钙土占44.9%、潮土占20.6%、灌淤土占20.3%、新积土占11.1%、风砂土占2.4%,粗骨土、沼泽土、草甸盐土和碱土共占0.7%;成土母质以洪积物、人工淤积物和冲积物为主,耕层质地多为壤土、砂壤土和砂土;仅有12%的耕地土壤有机质平均质量分数为高,多出现在灌於土和潮土区域,40%以上耕地土壤有效磷、速效钾和有效锰为低,70%以上的耕地氮素缺乏;不同种植制度有机质和速效钾质量分数由高到低排序依次是三段轮作>常年稻作区>二段轮作,微量元素变化依次是常年稻作区>二段轮作>常年玉米>多年生;依照障碍因素的不同成因有针对性地提出耕改良利用措施。
Through the investigation and analysis of 45 309 hm2 arable land in Ningxia Land Reclamation, the results showed that: the cultivated land reclamation area is divided into 9 types and 19 sub-categories. The proportions of different soil types in the total arable land area are 44.9% 20.6% of irrigated silt, 20.3% of irrigated silt, 11.1% of fresh soil, 2.4% of wind sand, 0.7% of coarse earth, swamp soil, meadow saline soil and alkaline earth. Sediment and alluvium are the main types. The texture of plow layer is mostly loam, sandy loam and sandy soil. Only 12% of the cultivated land contains high average mass fraction of organic matter, mostly in the soil and alluvial soil, more than 40% Soil available phosphorus, available potassium and available manganese were low, and over 70% of the cultivated land was deficient in nitrogen. The order of mass fraction of organic matter and available potassium in different cropping systems was in sequence of three rotation> perennial rice crop> The change of trace elements followed by perennial paddy cropping> crop rotation> perennial corn> perennial; and according to the different causes of the obstacle, the improvement and utilization measures of plowing were put forward.