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摘要 [目的]磷酸活化棉秆制备活性炭。[方法]以棉秆为原料,磷酸为活化剂,采用一步法制备活性炭,考察了浸渍比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能和活化得率的影响。[结果]棉秆制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件:浸渍比为1.5,活化温度450 ℃,活化时间60 min。此时,活性炭的碘吸附值为1 376 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为163.5 mg/g,活化得率为35.67%。制得的活性炭比表面积为1 462 m2/g,总孔体积为1.178 cm3/g,中孔体积为0.792 cm3/g,平均孔径为4.4 nm,最可几孔径为3.9 nm。[结论]该研究对于扩大制备活性炭的原料,带动产棉区的农业经济发展具有重要的意义。
关键词 棉秆;活性炭;磷酸;吸附性能;活化得率
中图分类号 S181.3;TQ424.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)26-09111-03
Preparation of Activated Carbon from Cotton Stalk by Chemical Activation with Phosphoric Acid
GENG Li-li, ZHANG Hong-xi et al
(Department of Chemistry & Applied Chemistry, Changji University, Changji, Xinjiang 831100)
Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to prepare activated carbon from cotton stalk by chemical activation with phosphoric acid. [Method] Activated carbon was prepared with cotton stalk as raw materials and phosphoric acid as activating agent using a one-step activation method. Effects of impregnation ratio, activation temperature and activation time on the adsorption properties and yield of the activated carbon were studied. [Result] The optimum conditions were as follows: the impregnation ratio was 1.5; the activation temperature was 450 ℃; the activation time was 60 min. At this time, adsorption values of iodine and methylene blue by the activated carbon were respectively 1 376 and 163.5 mg/g, while activation yield was 35.67%. The specific surface area of the activated carbon was 1 462 m2/g. Total pore volume and mesopore volume were respectively 1.178 and 0.792 cm3/g, while average pore size and most probable pore size were respectively 4.4 and 3.9 nm. [Conclusion] The research had important significances for enlarging the material preparing activated carbon and promoting agricultural economic development in cotton-producing region.
Key words Cotton stalk; Activated carbon; Phosphoric acid; Adsorption property; Activation yield
活性炭作為一种吸附剂,具有良好的吸附性能和稳定的化学性质。由于其发达的孔隙结构、巨大的比表面积和丰富的官能团,对气体、溶液中的有机物或无机物以及胶体颗粒等有很强的吸附能力,具有足够的化学稳定性、机械强度及耐酸、耐碱、耐热、不溶于水和有机溶剂的性质,因而被广泛应用于产品制造、医学治疗及环境保护领域 [1-3]。制备活性炭的原料丰富多样,煤和农林废弃物是使用最普遍的。由于煤质活性炭价格较高,木质活性炭不仅原料来源丰富,价格低廉,而且产品纯度高,比表面积大,吸附性能好等的优点更显突出,现在已经有越来越多的研究将活性炭原料聚焦在果壳、果核、稻壳、木屑、废纸等农作物废弃物上[4-5]。
目前,丰富的棉秆资源还未得到高效利用,因此研究利用棉秆制取活性炭,扩大制备活性炭的原料,带动产棉区的农业经济发展,具有重要的意义[6]。磷酸作为活化剂用来制备活性炭,由于其不会带来污染问题,所以在食品、精细化工、制药等方面得到广泛的应用[7]。该试验以棉花秸秆为原料,用磷酸活化法制备棉秆基活性炭,探讨了浸渍比、活化温度、活化时间等主要因素对棉秆基活性炭吸附性能及得率的影响,提出了制备棉秆基活性炭适宜的工艺条件。
1 材料与方法 3.2 SEM分析 图6a为棉秆的形貌,可以看到棉秆呈剥离状的层状结构,表面致密;图6b为棉秆所制备出的活性炭的表面形态,可以看出经过活化剂活化制备成活性炭以后,表面出现了较为丰富的孔。当然,由于活化工艺条件不同,孔的数量和大小也会有所不同。
4 结论
(1)该试验以新疆塔城沙湾县棉秆为原料,采用H3PO4为活化剂,通过一步法制备得到棉秆基活性炭。活化最佳工艺条件:浸渍比为1.5,活化温度450 ℃,活化时间60 min。
(2)在最佳工艺条件下制备出的棉秆基活性炭碘吸附值为1 376 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为163.5 mg/g,活化得率为35.67%。对所制备出的活性炭进行N2吸附检测,可知其比表面积为1 462 m2/g,总孔体积为1.178 cm3/g,中孔体积为0.792 cm3/g,平均孔徑为4.4 nm,最可几孔径为3.9 nm。
参考文献
[1] 王秀芳,张会平,肖新颜,等.高比表面积活性炭研制进展[J].功能材料,2005,36(7):975-977.
[2] 杨素文,丘克强,羊亿,等.真空化学活化杉木屑制备活性炭及产物分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(6):149-151.
[3] 魏娜,赵乃勤,贾威,等.活性炭的制备及应用研究进展[J].碳素技术,2003(3):29-33.
[4] 彭金辉,张利波,张世敏,等.综合利用烟杆废料制取优质活性炭[J].林产化学与工业,2002,22(3):85-87.
[5] 李永锋,凌军,刘燕珍,等.高比表面积活性炭研究进展[J].热带作物学报,2008,29(3):396-402.
[6] 李湘洲.棉秆制活性炭的研究[J].林产工业,2004,31(4):35-37.
[7] LIM W C,SRINIVASAKANNAN C,BALASUBRAMANIAN N.Activation of palm shells by phosphoric acid impregnation for high yielding activated carbon [J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2010,88:181-186.
[8] 夏洪应.优质活性炭制备及机理分析[D].云南:昆明理工大学,2006:10-11.
[9] 徐绘.磷酸活化软木制备活性炭的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011:27-28.
关键词 棉秆;活性炭;磷酸;吸附性能;活化得率
中图分类号 S181.3;TQ424.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)26-09111-03
Preparation of Activated Carbon from Cotton Stalk by Chemical Activation with Phosphoric Acid
GENG Li-li, ZHANG Hong-xi et al
(Department of Chemistry & Applied Chemistry, Changji University, Changji, Xinjiang 831100)
Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to prepare activated carbon from cotton stalk by chemical activation with phosphoric acid. [Method] Activated carbon was prepared with cotton stalk as raw materials and phosphoric acid as activating agent using a one-step activation method. Effects of impregnation ratio, activation temperature and activation time on the adsorption properties and yield of the activated carbon were studied. [Result] The optimum conditions were as follows: the impregnation ratio was 1.5; the activation temperature was 450 ℃; the activation time was 60 min. At this time, adsorption values of iodine and methylene blue by the activated carbon were respectively 1 376 and 163.5 mg/g, while activation yield was 35.67%. The specific surface area of the activated carbon was 1 462 m2/g. Total pore volume and mesopore volume were respectively 1.178 and 0.792 cm3/g, while average pore size and most probable pore size were respectively 4.4 and 3.9 nm. [Conclusion] The research had important significances for enlarging the material preparing activated carbon and promoting agricultural economic development in cotton-producing region.
Key words Cotton stalk; Activated carbon; Phosphoric acid; Adsorption property; Activation yield
活性炭作為一种吸附剂,具有良好的吸附性能和稳定的化学性质。由于其发达的孔隙结构、巨大的比表面积和丰富的官能团,对气体、溶液中的有机物或无机物以及胶体颗粒等有很强的吸附能力,具有足够的化学稳定性、机械强度及耐酸、耐碱、耐热、不溶于水和有机溶剂的性质,因而被广泛应用于产品制造、医学治疗及环境保护领域 [1-3]。制备活性炭的原料丰富多样,煤和农林废弃物是使用最普遍的。由于煤质活性炭价格较高,木质活性炭不仅原料来源丰富,价格低廉,而且产品纯度高,比表面积大,吸附性能好等的优点更显突出,现在已经有越来越多的研究将活性炭原料聚焦在果壳、果核、稻壳、木屑、废纸等农作物废弃物上[4-5]。
目前,丰富的棉秆资源还未得到高效利用,因此研究利用棉秆制取活性炭,扩大制备活性炭的原料,带动产棉区的农业经济发展,具有重要的意义[6]。磷酸作为活化剂用来制备活性炭,由于其不会带来污染问题,所以在食品、精细化工、制药等方面得到广泛的应用[7]。该试验以棉花秸秆为原料,用磷酸活化法制备棉秆基活性炭,探讨了浸渍比、活化温度、活化时间等主要因素对棉秆基活性炭吸附性能及得率的影响,提出了制备棉秆基活性炭适宜的工艺条件。
1 材料与方法 3.2 SEM分析 图6a为棉秆的形貌,可以看到棉秆呈剥离状的层状结构,表面致密;图6b为棉秆所制备出的活性炭的表面形态,可以看出经过活化剂活化制备成活性炭以后,表面出现了较为丰富的孔。当然,由于活化工艺条件不同,孔的数量和大小也会有所不同。
4 结论
(1)该试验以新疆塔城沙湾县棉秆为原料,采用H3PO4为活化剂,通过一步法制备得到棉秆基活性炭。活化最佳工艺条件:浸渍比为1.5,活化温度450 ℃,活化时间60 min。
(2)在最佳工艺条件下制备出的棉秆基活性炭碘吸附值为1 376 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为163.5 mg/g,活化得率为35.67%。对所制备出的活性炭进行N2吸附检测,可知其比表面积为1 462 m2/g,总孔体积为1.178 cm3/g,中孔体积为0.792 cm3/g,平均孔徑为4.4 nm,最可几孔径为3.9 nm。
参考文献
[1] 王秀芳,张会平,肖新颜,等.高比表面积活性炭研制进展[J].功能材料,2005,36(7):975-977.
[2] 杨素文,丘克强,羊亿,等.真空化学活化杉木屑制备活性炭及产物分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(6):149-151.
[3] 魏娜,赵乃勤,贾威,等.活性炭的制备及应用研究进展[J].碳素技术,2003(3):29-33.
[4] 彭金辉,张利波,张世敏,等.综合利用烟杆废料制取优质活性炭[J].林产化学与工业,2002,22(3):85-87.
[5] 李永锋,凌军,刘燕珍,等.高比表面积活性炭研究进展[J].热带作物学报,2008,29(3):396-402.
[6] 李湘洲.棉秆制活性炭的研究[J].林产工业,2004,31(4):35-37.
[7] LIM W C,SRINIVASAKANNAN C,BALASUBRAMANIAN N.Activation of palm shells by phosphoric acid impregnation for high yielding activated carbon [J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2010,88:181-186.
[8] 夏洪应.优质活性炭制备及机理分析[D].云南:昆明理工大学,2006:10-11.
[9] 徐绘.磷酸活化软木制备活性炭的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011:27-28.