“就算让进化重演一百万次,人类这样的生物也可能不会再出现一次了。”1989年,古生物学家斯蒂芬·古尔德在《奇妙的生命》一书的结尾处这样写道。进化未必注定指向智慧如果回到四十亿年之前,让一切从头来过,人类必然会出现吗?什么样的智慧生物,能算作“人类”呢?要怎样的事件才算是“同一个”事件呢?假如恐龙或者章鱼诞生了高级智慧,能归为“人类”吗?达尔文的伟大之处在于 “Even a single million evolutionary evolutions might not happen again for creatures such as humans.” “In 1989, the paleontologist Stephen Gould wrote this at the end of his book Wonderful Life Road. Evolution is not necessarily destined to point to wisdom If you go back to four billion years ago, let all over from scratch, humans will inevitably appear? What kind of intelligent creatures can be counted as ”human“? What kind of event is considered ” The same event? If the dinosaurs or octopus gave birth to the high wisdom, can be classified as “human ”? Darwin’s greatness lies in