１３例肾移植受者术后因用硫唑嘌呤（Ａｚａ）致单纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血（简称纯红再障），７例发生于开始口服Ａｚａ后２～６周，６例发生于停用环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）、Ａｚａ加量后３～５周。其中１１例经停用Ａｚａ并辅以对症治疗而治愈，２例仅Ａｚａ减量，加用环磷酰胺无效，后导致骨髓衰竭，因败血症死亡。认为Ａｚａ所致的纯红再障在停用Ａｚａ后一般均能恢复，积极改善骨髓造血功能、延长ＣｓＡ的用药时间以及避免Ａｚａ突然增量等，可避免Ａｚａ所致的继发性贫血的发生。 Thirteen patients with renal transplant recipients were treated with azathioprine (Aza) for pure erythrocyte aplasia (n = 7), 7 to 2 to 6 weeks after starting oral Aza, and 6 to discontinuation Cyclosporine A (CsA), Aza dosage 3 to 5 weeks. Among them, 11 were discontinued with Aza and were treated with symptomatic treatment. Only 2 cases of Aza was reduced and cyclophosphamide was ineffective. The result was bone marrow failure and death due to sepsis. It is considered that Aza-induced pure azoospermia can generally avoid Aza-induced secondary anemia after Aza is discontinued, which can generally improve the hematopoietic function of bone marrow, prolong the time of CsA administration and avoid sudden increase of Aza .