目的　探讨食管粘膜癌和粘膜下癌的临床病理特征。　方法　对我院１９８０ 年～１９９５ 年间２４ 例粘膜癌和２４ 例粘膜下癌的临床、病理、随访结果进行分析，多因素用ＣＯＸ模型。　结果　粘膜癌和粘膜下癌的３、５ 、１０ 年生存率分别为８７－５％ ，８３－３％ ，８５－７％ 和５８－３ ％ ，４５－５％ ，４５－５％ 。淋巴结转移率分别为４－２％ 和２９－２ ％ 。多因素分析表明：淋巴结转移Ｐ＜０－０１ ，手术切缘阳性Ｐ＜０－０５ ，家族史Ｐ＜０－０５。　结论　粘膜癌和粘膜下癌有不同的预后和生物学行为。淋巴结转移、手术未彻底切除肿瘤、有家族史为高危因素 Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of esophageal mucosal and submucosal cancers. Methods The clinical, pathological and follow-up results of 24 cases of mucosal cancer and 24 cases of submucosal cancer were analyzed in our hospital from 1980 to 1995. COX model was used for multiple factors. Results The 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates of mucosal and submucosal cancers were 87-5%, 83-3%, 85-7%, 58-3%, 45-5%, and 45-5%, respectively. Lymph node metastases were 4-2% and 29-2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis P<0-01, surgical margin positive P<0-05, family history P<0-05. Conclusions Mucosal and submucosal cancers have different prognostic and biological behaviors. Lymph node metastasis, surgery did not completely remove the tumor, family history was a high risk factor