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毛泽东在《论十大关系》中，从经济方面主要分析了：正确处理重工业和轻工业、农业的关系；沿海工业和内地工业的关系；经济建设和国防建设的关系；国家、生产单位和生产者个人的关系；中央和地方的关系。这五大经济关系涉及到了国民经济产业结构的调整，地区结构的调整，经济建设与国防建设投资比例的调整，社会主义经济利益关系的调整，中央和地方管理权限的调整．正确处理五大经济关系，是合理组织社会生产力，完善社会主义经济关系，促使国民经济协调发展的重要保证．
In his article “On the Ten Major Relations,” Mao Zedong analyzed mainly from the economic aspects: correctly handling the relations between heavy industry and light industry and agriculture; the relations between coastal industries and the mainland industries; the relations between economic construction and national defense; the relations between the state, the production units and the producers Personal relations; the relationship between the central and local. The five major economic relations involve the adjustment of the industrial structure of the national economy, the adjustment of the regional structure, the adjustment of the investment ratio of economic construction and national defense construction, the adjustment of the economic interests of the socialist parties, and the adjustment of the administrative authority of the central and local governments. Correctly handling the five major economic relations is an important guarantee for the rational organization of social productive forces, improving the socialist economic relations and promoting the coordinated development of the national economy.