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目的分析某汞齐生产企业的职业病危害特点和防护措施,提出控制职业病危害的关键控制点,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法应用危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)理论,采用职业卫生学调查、危害因素检测、职业健康检查等方法综合评判关键控制点和防控措施。结果该项目生产过程产生的主要职业病危害因素有:汞、噪声、丙酮、硫化氢、氨、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、一氧化氮、二氧化氮。空气中汞浓度合格率为94.1%,噪声合格率为89.5%,其他危害因素结果均符合职业卫生接触限制要求;职业健康检查尿汞合格率为92.1%。结论混料、筛粉、熔滴、压制、清洗、筛选、包装、封排、测试、外包装和成品仓等涉汞岗位是关键控制点,现行防控措施可行有效;下一阶段应将行为干预措施列为关键控制措施。
Objective To analyze the characteristics and protective measures of occupational hazards of an amalgam producing enterprise and put forward the key control points to control occupational hazards and provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Applying the theory of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP), the key control points and prevention and control measures are comprehensively evaluated by means of occupational hygiene investigation, hazard factor detection and occupational health examination. Results The main occupational hazards caused by the production process of the project are mercury, noise, acetone, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. The qualified rate of mercury in air was 94.1% and the pass rate of noise was 89.5%. The results of other harmful factors all met the requirements of occupational health exposure limit. The passing rate of mercury in occupational health examination was 92.1%. Conclusion Mercury-related positions such as mixing, sieving, dripping, pressing, cleaning, screening, packaging, sealing, testing, packaging and finished product warehouses are the key control points. The current prevention and control measures are feasible and effective; Interventions are listed as key controls.