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地下水是岩溶易旱区极其重要的水资源,是当地生态环境和人类生存的基本保障。通过收集整理岩溶易旱区兴仁县地下水水化学数据,分析与研究,发现岩溶易旱区地下水的溶解组分主要来源于碳酸盐岩的溶蚀,水化学类型主要为HCO_3-Ca型和HCO_3-Ca·Mg型,部分地区由于受到岩层中石膏夹层溶解的影响,水化学类型为HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg型。地下水中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-等离子受流经区域地层岩性和水-岩相互作用的影响,表现出显著的区域性特征,属自然来源;K~+、Na~+、Cl~-、NO_3~-等指标与人类活动关系密切,SO_4~(2-)受水-岩相互作用和人类活动共同影响。岩溶易旱区地下水水文地球化学容易受到人为活动的干扰且日趋明显,降低人为活动对岩溶地下水的影响是确保岩溶易旱区地下水环境及饮水安全的关键。
Groundwater is an extremely important water resource in the karst arid area and is the basic guarantee for the local ecological environment and human existence. By collecting and analyzing the groundwater hydrochemistry data in Xingren County, a study area of karst arid arid region, it is found that the dissolved components of groundwater in karst arid arid region are mainly derived from the dissolution of carbonate rocks. The hydrochemical types are mainly HCO 3-Ca and HCO 3 -Ca · Mg type. In some areas, the hydrochemical type is HCO_3 · SO_4-Ca · Mg due to the dissolution of the gypsum interlayer in some strata. The Ca ~ (2 +), Mg ~ (2 +) and HCO_3 ~ - ions in groundwater are characterized by regional lithology and water-rock interaction and show distinct regional characteristics, belonging to natural sources. K ~ +, Na ~ +, Cl ~ -, NO_3 ~ - and other indicators are closely related to human activities, SO_4 ~ (2-) are affected by water-rock interaction and human activities. The hydrogeochemistry of groundwater in the karst arid area is easily interfered by the human activities and becomes obvious day by day. Reducing the influence of human activities on the karst groundwater is the key to ensure the groundwater environment and drinking water safety in the karst arid area.