近年来,随着城市规模的扩大,为缓解交通压力和新城建设,北京地铁建设获得了快速发展。但由于北京地区地铁建设场地地下、地上环境条件复杂,存在或潜在着诸多风险,在建设过程中已多次导致工程问题或事故的发生。地铁属于地下线性隐蔽工程,工程建设过程中影响安全风险因素众多,能否全面查清工程场地的地质、环境条件,认清重大风险因素,对地铁工程的安全建设至关重要。本文试从目前正在建设中的地铁房山线工程入手,对存在的主要风险类别、特征及影响因素进行分析,并提出对应的防范措施或建议,希望能为北京地区地铁工程安全建设提供一些参考和帮助。 In recent years, with the expansion of the city scale and the ease of traffic pressure and the construction of the new city, Beijing’s subway construction has achieved rapid development. However, due to the complex underground environment and ground conditions in the subway construction sites in Beijing, there are many risks or potential risks. During the construction process, engineering problems or accidents have repeatedly occurred. Subway is a hidden concealed underground project. Many factors affect the safety risk during the construction of the project. It is of crucial importance to ascertain the geological and environmental conditions of the project site and identify major risk factors in an all-round way. This paper tries to analyze the main risk categories, characteristics and influencing factors of subway Fangshan Line currently under construction, and puts forward corresponding precautionary measures or suggestions, hoping to provide some references for the subway construction safety in Beijing help.