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为探明休闲期覆盖配施磷肥对土壤水分运行规律、小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响,在山西省闻喜县进行了休闲期覆盖与不覆盖条件下75 kg(P2O5)·hm-2、112.5 kg(P2O5)·hm-2、150 kg(P2O5)·hm-23个施磷量的田间试验。结果表明:与不覆盖相比,休闲期覆盖后,播种—孕穗期0~100 cm土壤蓄水量显著提高,小麦播种期提高38~41 mm;增加施磷量,越冬—孕穗期土壤蓄水量提高,尤其拔节期40~100 cm土层。覆盖后,播种—拔节期土壤贮水减少量及其占整个生育期比例显著提高,拔节—开花期土壤贮水减少量增加;增加施磷量,拔节—开花期土壤贮水减少量及其比例显著提高,开花—成熟期80~100 cm土层贮水减少量显著提高。覆盖后增加施磷量,产量和水分利用效率显著提高,产量提高1 452 kg·hm-2,水分利用效率提高16%。覆盖配施磷肥条件下,拔节—开花期60~100 cm、开花—成熟期80~100 cm土层贮水减少量与产量呈极显著相关。因此认为,旱地小麦休闲期覆盖有利于蓄积休闲期降雨,提高底墒,可实现伏雨春夏用;覆盖促进小麦生育前期和中期吸收土壤水分;增施磷肥有利于提高土壤水分,促进小麦生育后期深层吸水;旱地小麦休闲期覆盖配施磷肥150 kg·hm-2有利于蓄水保墒,达到增产、高效的目的。
In order to find out the effect of phosphate fertilizer on soil water regime, wheat yield and water use efficiency during the fallow period, 75 kg (P2O5) · hm-2, Field experiment of phosphorus application rate of 112.5 kg (P2O5) · hm-2, 150 kg (P2O5) · hm-23. The results showed that after the leisure time was covered, the storage of 0-100 cm soil at seeding-booting stage was significantly increased, and the seeding period of wheat was increased by 38-41 mm. The soil P The amount of increase, especially jointing 40 ~ 100 cm soil layer. After covering, the amount of soil water storage in the sowing-jointing stage and its proportion in the whole growth period increased significantly, and the decrease of soil water storage in the jointing-flowering stage increased; the amount of P stored and the amount of water storage in the jointing-flowering stage increased Significantly increased, and the reduction of water storage in the 80-100 cm soil layer during flowering-maturity stages was significantly increased. After the application, the amount of P fertilizer increased and the yield and water use efficiency increased significantly. The yield increased by 1 452 kg · hm-2 and the water use efficiency increased by 16%. Under the conditions of phosphate fertilizer application, the decrease of water storage capacity at the jointing-flowering stage of 60-100 cm and the flowering-mature stage of 80-100 cm was significantly correlated with the yield. Therefore, it is considered that the coverage of wheat in dry land during the fallow period is conducive to the accumulation of rainfall in the leisure period and the increase of soil moisture at the end of spring wheat, which can be used in spring and summer. Covering can promote soil moisture absorption in the early and middle stages of wheat growth. Deep water absorption; dry land wheat cover with phosphate fertilizer 150 kg · hm-2 leisure is conducive to water storage, to increase production and efficiency purposes.