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目的分析广州部分地区学龄前儿童生长迟缓的检出率及主要影响因素,为儿童生长迟缓的预防提供科学依据。方法应用随机整群抽样法,随机抽取广州市花都区10所幼儿园作为调查的研究现场。收集3 373名2~6岁学龄前儿童身高、体重、生活习惯和父母情况等基本信息,计算生长迟缓检出率,并对导致生长迟缓的危险因素进行分析。结果 3 373名儿童中,生长迟缓及身材矮小的发生率分别为6.11%和18.20%;儿童生长迟缓的危险因素包括低出生体重、低出生身长、食欲差、喜欢根据广告买零食和有过敏性疾病。儿童生长迟缓的保护因素包括固体食物添加时间、户外活动时间、家庭类型、父母身高、母亲对儿童体型的认识。结论儿童生长迟缓是遗传因素、环境因素和亲子间作用不良等综合因素导致的。应根据儿童具体情况具体分析,去除影响因素,促进儿童健康生长。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and main influencing factors of stunting in pre-school children in some areas of Guangzhou, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of growth retardation in children. Methods Random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 10 kindergartens in Huadu District of Guangzhou as the research site. Basic information such as height, weight, lifestyle and parents’ condition of 3 373 preschoolers aged 2 ~ 6 years were collected. The detection rate of growth retardation was calculated and the risk factors leading to growth retardation were analyzed. Results Among 3 373 children, the incidences of growth retardation and short stature were 6.11% and 18.20% respectively. The risk factors for children ’s growth retardation included low birth weight, low birth length, poor appetite, like eating snacks based on advertisements and allergies disease. The protective factors for children’s growth retardation include the time for adding solid food, the time for outdoor activities, the type of family, the height of their parents and the knowledge of their children’s body shape. Conclusions Children’s growth retardation is caused by a combination of genetic factors, environmental factors and poor parent-child interaction. Specific analysis should be based on the specific circumstances of children, remove the influencing factors and promote the healthy growth of children.