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本文研究语法与语音的界面关系,着重探讨在形态句法层面语法或韵律结构对语音的制约方式问题。语法—语音界面研究中的两个比较基本的问题是:a)音系需要了解哪些语法特征?b)使一语法短语的音系行为区别于其它的机制在于什么?对上述问题的不同认识,形成了两种主要的理论观点,一种观点认为音系规则的运用直接以语法辖域为条件。另一种观点则认为表层语法信息首先映射到由韵律成分组成的一个结构上,这些韵律成分就是音系规则在词以上层级运作的域。根据第一种观点,语法信息要依据m-统制条件(参见乔姆斯基1986的修订定义)划定变调域;而根据第二种观点,韵律域根据词或最大短语投射(X~(head) or X~(max))的左边缘过右边缘来确定。本文以一些汉语方言为证,通过对三种不同c-统制(参见Reinhart 1976,1983的初期定义)的分析说明音系规则的运用直接以语法范畴为条件。大致上说,c-统制条件通过三种方式作用于变调规则。具体包括c-统制决定变调的延展范围,如丹阳方言;c-统制决定变调规则的应用或阻断,如芮城方言;c-统制决定规则运用的模式,如平遥方言。由此可见,c-统制条件是许多汉语方言变调操作的关键。本文所讨论的汉语方言中的连读变调现象不仅对Selkirk提出的韵律理论提出了挑战,同时也有助于进一步完善Kaisse所提出的以关系为基础的研究方案。
This paper studies the interrelationship between grammar and phonetics, and focuses on the question of how to control the phonetic or prosodic structure in morphological syntax. The two basic questions in grammar-phonetic interface research are: a) What grammatical features do phonological concepts need to be understood? B) What distinguishes the phonological behavior of a grammatical phrase from other mechanisms? Different understanding of the above issues, Two major theoretical arguments have been formed. One view is that the use of phonological rules is conditional directly on the scope of grammar. Another view is that the topographic syntax information is first mapped to a structure composed of prosodic components that are phonological rules that operate at a level above the word. According to the first viewpoint, the grammatical information is demarcated according to the m-conditions (see Chomsky 1986’s revised definition). According to the second viewpoint, the rhyme domain is projected according to the word or the largest phrase ) or X ~ (max)) of the left edge of the right edge to determine. This paper, based on some Chinese dialects, shows that the use of phonological rules is directly conditional on grammatical categories through the analysis of three different c-systems (see initial definition of Reinhart 1976, 1983). Generally speaking, c-control conditions act on the regulation rules in three ways. Specifically, it includes the extension range of c-control deciding to change tone, such as Danyang dialect; c- System decides on the application or block-off of transposition rules, such as Ruicheng dialect; c- Control decides the mode of operation of rules, such as Pingyao dialect. Thus, c-control conditions are the key to many Mandarin dialects. As discussed in this paper, the dialect of interchanging in Chinese dialects not only poses challenges to the prosodic theory put forward by Selkirk, but also helps to further improve Kaisse’s proposed relationship-based research program.