计划经济体制下,国家投资建设港口公用码头,并交由装卸企业无偿使用。多年来,码头经营人连起码的码头使用折旧费和码头维护费都不负责,国家多建一座码头反而多出一项维修费用,码头的简单再生产也无法维持。无偿使用公用码头已经产生了国有资产流失、不平等竞争和不关心投资效益等诸多问题,严重阻碍着港口事业的发展。实践证明,这种传统的做法已难以为继。要彻底改变这种现状,使港口生产和港口建设适应市场经济发展需求,就必须对国家投资的公用码头实行有偿使用。 要促使市场在国家宏观调控下对 Under the planned economic system, the state invested in the construction of port public terminals and handed over to the handling enterprises for free use. Over the years, terminal operators have not even been responsible for using the depreciation charges and terminal maintenance fees for the terminals at the minimum. Instead of maintaining more than one terminal for more maintenance costs, the simple reproduction of terminals can not be maintained. The free use of public terminals has caused many problems such as loss of state assets, unequal competition and lack of interest in investment, which seriously hamper the development of the port. Practice has proved that this traditional approach has been unsustainable. To completely change this situation and adapt port production and port construction to the needs of market economy development, it is necessary to pay for the use of public wharves that are invested by the state. To promote the market under the national macro-control