恩利克·费米(Enrico Fermi,1901年9月29日至1954年11月28日),意大利裔美籍物理学家,生于意大利罗马,1922年获比萨大学博士学位。1923年前往德国,在玻恩的指导下从事研究工作。1924年到荷兰莱顿研究所工作。1926年任罗马大学理论物理学教授。1929年任意大利皇家科学院院士。当时他已经发表了他的第一篇主要论文,论述了物理学中的一个深奥的分支,人称量子统计学。在这篇论文中,费米发展了量子统计学,用它来描述某类粒子大量聚集的行为,这类粒子人称费米子。由于电子、质子和中子——构成普通物质的3种“建筑材料”都是费米子,所以费米学说具有重要的科学意义。20世纪30年代初,中子被发现以后,以费米为首的青年科学家利用它去轰击各种元 Enrico Fermi (September 29, 1901 to November 28, 1954), an Italian-American physicist born in Rome, Italy, and a doctorate from the University of Pisa in 1922. In 1923 to Germany, under the guidance of Born engaged in research work. 1924 to the Netherlands Leiden work. 1926 Professor of Theoretical Physics, University of Rome. 1929 academician of the Royal Italian Academy of Sciences. At the time, he had published his first major paper, which dealt with an esoteric branch of physics called quantum statistics. In this essay, Fermi developed quantum statistics that describe the behavior of a large group of particles, such as fermions. Since the electrons, protons and neutrons - the three kinds of “building materials” that make up common substances - are fermions, the Fermi doctrine has important scientific significance. After the neutron was discovered in the early 1930s, young scientists headed by Fermi used it to bombard various kinds of elements