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黄土高原是苹果的优势产区,然而近年来由于病虫大量发生,农药使用加剧,农残不断上升,果品品质不断下降,进而造成果品滞销、市场低迷的现象。这与农村基层长期片面追求高产量、高密度的栽植模式以及低水平的管理现状息息相关。在国家农药、化肥“双减”政策的推动下,这一现状亟待改变。因此,现通过剖析黄土高原苹果园3种优势病虫(苹果腐烂病Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada、山楂叶螨Tetranychus viennensis Zacher、苹果褐斑病Marssonina coronaria(Ell.et Davis)Davis)的发生规律,总结出防治关键,结合对其管理现状的调研和总结,并从农业标准化角度提出针对这3种病虫不依赖农药的标准化管理模式,以期为推动黄土高原苹果产业向现代化发展迈进提供动力。
Loess Plateau is the dominant producing area for apples. However, in recent years, due to the large numbers of pests and diseases, the use of pesticides is exacerbated. Pesticide residues are continuously rising, and the quality of fruits declines continuously, which in turn causes the slow-moving of fruits and the sluggish market. This is closely linked to long-term and one-sided pursuit of high-yielding and high-density planting patterns and low-level management in rural areas. Under the impetus of the national pesticide and chemical fertilizer policy, the status quo urgently needs to be changed. Therefore, by summarizing the occurrence of three dominant pests and diseases (Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada, Tetranychus viennensis Zacher and Marssonina coronaria (Ell.et Davis) Davis) in the apple orchard of the Loess Plateau, The key to prevention and control is combined with the investigation and summary of its management status. Based on the standardization of agriculture, a standardized management mode that does not rely on pesticides for these three pests and diseases is put forward, in order to provide impetus for the promotion of the apple industry in the Loess Plateau to the modernization.