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本文基于对西蒙古牧区社会实地调查的材料,首先从牧民的人口和家庭模式、定居点建设、家庭收入渠道、生活设施以及牧民财富观念的转变、社会交往和信息流通等方面分析和描述了西蒙古牧区社会生活在各个方面发生的巨大变化;其次,对西蒙古牧区社会转型时期出现的增长的人口与有限的草场之矛盾、日益扩大的贫富差距、草场纠纷以及传统文化面临的困境等进行了描述;最后,为如何协调好转型期越来越突出的人口、生态、经济、文化之间的关系,提出了五个方面的对策性建议,为牧区社会转型和发展提供参考和思路。
Based on the social field survey in the pasturing areas in western Mongolia, this paper first analyzes and describes the herdsman’s population and family patterns, settlement construction, household income channels, living facilities and herdsman’s concept of wealth transfer, social interaction and information circulation Secondly, the contradiction between the increasing population and the restricted pasture, the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the disputes over the pastures and the difficulties faced by the traditional culture in the social transition period in the pasturing areas of Mongolia and Mongolia Finally, it proposes five countermeasures and suggestions for how to coordinate the population, ecology, economy and culture that are becoming more and more prominent during the transformation period, and provides reference and ideas for the social transformation and development of pastoral areas.