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随着加速器事业及电机电器工业的发展,电磁铁的磁场分布形态越来越受到人们的关心。近年来,随着大型电子计算机的问世,就有可能用计算方法求解磁场。作为二阶椭圆型偏微分方程其解法可分为两大类。有限元素法及差分法。采用三角形单元的有限元素法能适应边界及二种介质交界面的复杂的几何形状。由于这种特定的灵活性使得它在磁场计算中受到广泛重视。矩形网格的差分法不需要产生不均匀的三角形网格,因而上机前准备工作较小。并也不象有限元素法那样在迭代过程中要化相当长时间来重新计算方程的系数矩阵。这样,这种方法简洁、紧凑,减少了计算时间。因而它仍不失为磁场计算的一种好方法。国际上有些通用程序如NUTCRACKER、GRACY等就是用差分方法求解磁场的。
With the accelerator industry and the development of electrical industry, the magnetic field distribution patterns of electromagnets are more and more concerned by people. In recent years, with the advent of large-scale electronic computers, it is possible to solve the magnetic field computationally. As the second-order elliptic partial differential equations can be divided into two categories. Finite element method and difference method. The finite element method using triangular elements accommodates the complex geometries of the boundary and interface of two media. Because of this particular flexibility makes it widely valued in the field calculation. The difference method of the rectangular grid does not need to produce a non-uniform triangular grid, so preparation work on the machine is small. Nor does it recalculate the coefficient matrix of the equation in the iterative process for quite a long time as the finite element method does. In this way, this method is concise and compact, reducing the calculation time. So it is still a good way to calculate the magnetic field. Some international general procedures such as NUTCRACKER, GRACY, etc. is to use the differential method to solve the magnetic field.