“单独二孩”人口新政对中国经济社会转型升级起重要的基础性作用。马克思主义“两种生产”理论是较早指出人类自身生产对人类生存和发展有重要作用的理论之一。文章运用分析该理论历史前提的改变、将其与其他马克思主义原理联系起来、与具体的历史经验联系起来的方法,对“两种生产”理论进行扩展,在此基础上揭示该理论对我国人口新政实施的启示。 “The Second Child Alone ” The new democratization plays an important fundamental role in China’s economic and social transformation and upgrading. Marxism “two kinds of production ” theory is one of the theories that earlier pointed out that human own production plays an important role in human survival and development. By analyzing the changes of the historical premises of the theory, linking it with other Marxist principles and with specific historical experiences, the article expands on the theory of “two kinds of production” and on the basis reveals the theory Enlightenment of China ’s New Deal of Population Policy.