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流行性脑脊髓膜炎简称流脑,通过呼吸道的呼吸飞沫由空气传播,多在冬春季流行,2～4月达高峰。致病菌是脑膜炎双球菌。该病隐性感染率很高,流行期间密切接触者带菌率可达60%以上,大多数人无明显症状,少数人有轻微咽痛、咳嗽等上呼吸道感染症状而获得免疫力,极少数人因为免疫力低下,细菌经过鼻咽部黏膜进入血液,继而累及脑脊髓膜而发病。流脑多在婴幼儿及中小学生之间传播,流行期成年人、老年人,尤其身体虚弱、免疫功能低下者,亦可患病。
Epidemic meningitis meningitis referred to as meningitis, respiratory droplets through the respiratory tract by air, mostly in winter and spring epidemics, peaked in February to April. Pathogenic bacteria is meningococcus. The prevalence of this disease is very high, prevalence of close contacts during the carrier rate of up to 60%, most people without obvious symptoms, a few people have mild sore throat, cough and other symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and immunity, very few people Because of low immunity, bacteria through the nasopharyngeal mucosa into the bloodstream, which in turn involves the cerebrospinal membrane disease. Inflow of meningitis and more in infants and primary and secondary students, the prevalence of adults, the elderly, especially frail, immunocompromised who may also be sick.