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关于文学创作的方法,古代文论既论述到“活法”,又论述到“定法”。本文从与“活法”的联系入手界说“定法”的内涵,然后置“定法”说于历时的考量中,并就“定法”的具体形态——“字法”、“句法”、“章法”及小说戏剧塑造人物、情节处理、结构布局、虚实相生的法则一一作了分析。指出“定法”说凝聚了中国古代文艺美学以文饰为美的形式美思想,对理解中国古代文学的奥妙,启发今天的文学创作颇有指导、借鉴意义。
As for the literary creation method, ancient literary theory discusses both “living law” and “fixed law”. This article starts from the connection with the “living law” to describe the connotation of “the law of fixity” and then puts “the law of fixed law” in diachronic consideration, and analyzes the concrete forms of the “law of law” - “law of letters,” “ Chapter Law ”and the novels and dramas shaping characters, plot processing, structure and layout, the law of actual situation and one by one analyzed. It points out that the “law of law” is a combination of the formal beauty thought that Chinese ancient aesthetics of literature and art is decorated with the beauty of a piece of writing. It is quite instructive and inspirational for understanding the mystery of ancient Chinese literature and inspiring today’s literary creation.