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岩石风化的研究一直受到地貌学家、地质学家和岩土工程学家的关注。暴露于自然环境下的石质文物(特别是不可移动文物)可认为是在当地环境下经历了一段较长时间的风化试验。作者利用自行研制的、具有较高精度的仪器,量测了平遥古城墙基底部的砂岩经过638 a自然风化后的风化丧失深度,得其风化丧失深度和最大风化丧失深度分别为8.03～32.30 mm和11.80～46.97 mm,并以此计算出相应风化速度分别为0.0125～0.0506 mm.a-1和0.0185～0.0737 mm.a-1。比较砂岩的风化速度,发现其受朝向控制:朝南、朝西、朝东和朝北的砂岩的平均风化速度值分别为0.0481,0.0377,0.0286和0.0220 mm.a-1。笔者认为上述风化速度的差异是由不同朝向的砂岩受到的太阳辐射不同造成的。
Rock weathering research has been the concern of geomorphologists, geologists and geotechnical engineers. Stony artefacts exposed to the natural environment (especially immovable objects) may be considered to have undergone a longer period of weathering test in the local environment. Using self-developed and high-precision instruments, the depth of weathering loss of the sandstone at the base of the ancient city wall in Pingyao after 636 natural weathering was measured. The depth of the weathering loss and the maximum loss of weathering were 8.03 ~ 32.30 mm And 11.80 ~ 46.97 mm, respectively, and calculated the corresponding weathered velocity of 0.0125 ~ 0.0506 mm.a-1 and 0.0185 ~ 0.0737 mm.a-1, respectively. Weathering rates of sandstone were compared and found to be dominated by heading: the average weathered velocity values of sandstone facing south, west, east and north were 0.0481, 0.0377, 0.0286 and 0.0220 mm.a-1, respectively. The author believes that the above differences in weathering rate are caused by the different directions of the sandstone solar radiation caused by different.