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铝合金预拉伸板已广泛应用于航空整体结构件的制造,其内部初始残余应力引起的加工变形已严重制约新型飞机的研制和生产。测量残余应力的方法很多,但一般只能测量工件的表面和浅表层,而厚板内部残余应力测量一直是工程中的难点。文中针对铝合金预拉伸厚板的特点,提出了测量其内部残余应力的方法,并运用弹性力学理论进行了理论推导,得到了应力-应变关系矩阵。用该方法测量了7050T7451铝合金厚板内部残余应力,并对测试结果进了分析和比较。结果表明,本文提出的方法有效地解决了厚板内部残余应力测量的难题,有较高的工程应用价值。
Aluminum alloy pre-stretched plate has been widely used in the manufacture of aviation structural parts, the internal deformation caused by the initial residual stress deformation has severely restricted the development and production of new aircraft. There are many ways to measure the residual stress, but generally only the surface and shallow surface of the workpiece can be measured. However, the residual stress measurement in the slab has always been a difficult problem in engineering. In this paper, according to the characteristics of pre-stretched aluminum alloy plate, a method to measure the internal residual stress is put forward. The theory of elastic mechanics is deduced and the stress-strain relationship matrix is obtained. The internal residual stress of 7050T7451 aluminum alloy plate was measured by this method, and the test results were analyzed and compared. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problem of residual stress measurement in thick slab, and has high engineering application value.