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简单管路的水击分析是水电站设计的重要部分。该文对目前设计中采用的阀门开度匀速变化时水击的解析计算中存在的问题进行研究,详细推导和分析水击计算的区域划分,给出了正确的负水击区域划分图;通过以直线代替曲线的方式,提出足够精确的简化水击区域划分图;通过与精确水击区域划分图的比较,阐明了简化水击计算中可能出现的类型误判;基于直接求取水击最大值的考虑,提出第一相水击和末相水击类型的后验判别方法。此外,还给出了直接水击和第一相水击的直接计算公式。算例分析表明:该文给出的水击区域划分、提出的水击类型后验判别方法以及推导的水击直接计算公式正确可行。
Water hammer analysis of simple pipelines is an important part of the design of hydropower stations. This paper studies the problems existing in the analytical calculation of water hammer when the valve opening is uniform in the current design, deduces and analyzes the area division of the water hammer calculation in detail and gives the correct negative water hammer regional division map. In the way of replacing curve with straight line, this paper puts forward a sufficiently precise simplified drawing of waterhammer area division. Through the comparison with the precise waterhammer area division map, it clarifies the possible misjudgment of simplified waterhammer calculation. Based on the direct calculation of water hammer maximum The authors propose a posteriori discriminant method for the first phase water hammer and the last phase water hammer type. In addition, the direct calculation formulas of direct water hammer and first-phase water hammer are also given. The case study shows that the method of water hammer classification, the water hammer type posterior discriminant method and the deduced water hammer direct calculation formula are correct and feasible.