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目的了解农村卫生厕所无害化效果,为农村改厕工作提供科学依据。方法抽取10座“三格式”卫生厕所,对基本情况、常规监测及三氮指标进行监测与评价。结果 “三格式”化粪池粪便无害化生物指标合格率达到90%以上;理化指标硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮第一池60%和第三池80%达到《粪便无害化效果监测指标评判标准》,NH3-N、总磷、COD、BOD5均未达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)。结论 “三格式”化粪池对生物指标除去效果好,对理化指标除去效果不明显,除去率差异大。“三格式”化粪池改善农村地区环境卫生、控制疾病发生起到积极的作用,但也存在缺陷。
Objective To understand the harmless effect of rural sanitary toilets and provide a scientific basis for rural toilets. Methods A total of 10 “three-format” sanitary latrines were selected to monitor and evaluate the basic information, routine monitoring and the three nitrogen index. Results The “three formats” septic tank harmless biological indicators pass rate of 90% or more; physical and chemical indicators of nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen pool 60% and 80% of the third pool to achieve “harmless fecal Evaluation Criteria for Monitoring Results ”, NH3-N, total phosphorus, COD and BOD5 did not reach the“ Emission Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ”(GB18918-2002). Conclusion “Three formats ” septic tank removal of biological indicators of good effect on the removal of physical and chemical indicators is not obvious, the removal rate difference. “Three formats ” septic tank to improve environmental hygiene in rural areas, control the incidence of disease play a positive role, but there are flaws.