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根据临床症状或者用简单检查方法不能十分有把握诊断出尿道感染的确切部位。临床、实验室和X线等检查法常常也是不很得力。早期肾盂肾炎只有在尿沉渣中发现白细胞管型时才能诊断。在病情发展为晚期时根据肾盏肾盂系统的典型变化及肾部分功能明显障碍就可以有把握地诊断为肾孟肾炎。但也有不少患者甚至经过临床,实验室和X线复查也不能确定发炎部位。近来对尿中发现抗体包裹细菌极为重视。这一方法对患者既简便又易于接受,并能区分肾盂肾炎和膀胱炎。肾实质受细菌感染能引起机体形成特异性抗体。
According to clinical symptoms or simple examination can not be very sure diagnosis of the exact location of urinary tract infection. Clinical, laboratory and X-ray examination methods are often not very effective. Early pyelonephritis only in the urine sediment found in white blood cell tube can be diagnosed. In the advanced stage of disease according to the typical changes of the renal calyx renal pelvis system and renal dysfunction can be a clear diagnosis of renal mesangitis. But there are many patients even after clinical, laboratory and X-ray examination can not determine the site of inflammation. Recently found that antibodies in the urine package bacteria attach great importance. This method is simple and easy to accept for patients, and can distinguish pyelonephritis and cystitis. Renal parenchymal bacterial infection can cause the formation of specific antibodies.