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梁启超是中国近代著名的政治思想家,其毕生的理想和追求是把一个封建专制落后的中国,导向资本主义民主和富强之路。但在选择实现这一目标的具体方式时,他又坚决反对暴力革命,主张用渐进改良的方式实现社会经济的近代化和政治民主化。1905年,梁启超又发表一篇重要的政论长文《开明专制论》,进一步阐明了他渐进改良的政治思想主张。准确理解“开明专制论”的内涵并做出客观公正的评价,有助于加深对梁启超思想和近代中国社会特点的认识。在这篇长文中,梁启超首先对古今中外各种类型的国家制度作了详细的考察,并对
Liang Qichao, a well-known political thinker in modern China, had a lifelong ideal and pursuit of leading a feudal autocratic and backward China to the path of capitalist democracy and prosperity. However, in choosing a concrete way to achieve this goal, he resolutely opposed violent revolution and advocated a gradual and orderly reform to achieve social and economic modernization and political democratization. In 1905, Liang Qichao published another important long article entitled “Enlightened Autocratic Theory”, further clarifying his progressive political ideas. To understand accurately the connotation of “enlightened autocracy” and to make an objective and fair assessment will help deepen our understanding of Liang Qichao’s thinking and the characteristics of modern Chinese society. In this long article, Liang Qichao first made a detailed examination of the various types of state systems at all times and in all countries,