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目的:探讨母乳喂养对小于胎龄儿(SGA)出生早期胰岛素(INS)敏感性和血浆ghrelin水平的影响。方法:选择2014年10月至2019年4月在武汉儿童医院新生儿科住院的足月SGA为SGA组(120例),同期出生足月适于胎龄儿(AGA)为AGA组(96例),记录出生体质量、身长,出生第7天检测血浆空腹血糖(FG)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、INS和ghrelin水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。将SGA组按喂养方式分为母乳喂养组和配方奶喂养组,于3、6月龄时追踪测量上述血浆指标,并记录生长参数。结果:SGA组和AGA组出生第7天血浆FG、TG、LDL和HDL水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(均n P>0.05)。与AGA组比较,SGA组血浆INS[(4.21±0.83) mIU/L比(3.54±1.10) mIU/L]、ghrelin[(0.80±0.23) μg/L比(0.69±0.19) μg/L]、HOMA-IR(0.85±0.25比0.72±0.25)水平升高,差异均有统计学意义(均n P0.05),血浆INS、HOMA-IR和ghrelin水平随母乳喂养时间延长发生变化,差异均有统计学意义(n F=12.394、9.810、5.531,均n P0.05). Compared with the AGA group, the serum INS[(4.21±0.83) mIU/Ln vs.(3.54±1.10) mIU/L], ghrelin levels[(0.80±0.23) μg/L n vs.(0.69±0.19) μg/L] and HOMA-IR (0.85±0.25 n vs.0.72±0.25) increased in the SGA group, the differences were statistically significant (all n P<0.05). Serum INS, HOMA-IR and ghrelin levels changed with the duration of breast feeding, the differences were statistically significant(n F=12.394, 9.810, 5.531, all n P<0.05).n Conclusions:The serum ghrelin levels of SGA infants increased and INS sensitivity decreased.Breastfeeding can decrease levels of serum INS, HOMA-IR and ghrelin, and can improve INS sensitivity of SGA infants.