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[摘要]目的:测量汉族青年女性唇部软组织正常值,探讨唇部软组织正常值间相关性以及与面型的关系。方法:选择2012~2013级在校女学生(共70名,年龄18~19岁;均为汉族),采用面部软组织直接测量口唇各部高度均值、口列宽度均值、正面三庭均值、面宽均值、形态面高和容貌面高均值、内眦距离均值。结果:面部软组织直接测量获得口唇各部高度均值(唇高:3.45±0.608、上唇高:1.95±0.317、上白唇高:1.29±0.326、上红唇高:0.67±0.201、下唇高:1.55±0.349、下白唇高:0.79±0.336、下红唇高:0.77±0.199、上下红唇高:1.48±0.297)cm、口列宽度均值(4.37±0.341)cm、正面三庭均值(上庭:5.92±0.770、中庭:5.75±0.427、下庭6.07±0.607)cm、面宽均值(14.40±1.174)cm、形态面高(11.85±1.144)cm和容貌面高(18.59±1.234)cm均值、内眦距离均值(3.32±0.339)cm。结论:①建立青年女性口唇形态测量相关指标的正常参考值;②口裂宽与内眦距离(P=0.005)、上唇高(P=0.000)、唇高(P=0.007)有正相关(P<0.01),唇形态改变的趋势是越厚越宽,越窄越薄;③上唇高(P=0.043)、下唇高(P=0.004)和唇高(P=0.011)与上庭有正相关;④唇高与唇各部高度(除下红唇高无相关)均呈正相关,且与上唇高和下唇高相关性显著(P=0.000);上唇高与唇各部高度(除下白唇高无相关)均呈正相关,且与上红唇高、上下红唇高、上白唇高及唇高相关性显著(P=0.000),而与下红唇高有相关性(P=0.002),且上红唇高对上唇高影响较上白唇高影响大;下唇高与下白唇高(P=0.000)、唇高(P=0.000)相关性显著,颏唇沟位置对下唇高度影响大;上红唇高与上下红唇高相关性显著(P=0.000);(P<0.01);⑤唇各部高度和宽度与容貌面高、形态面高和面宽无相关性(P>0.05)。⑥以上唇形态正常参考值及相关性对整形外科提供形态学基础。
[关键词]口唇;软组织;形态测量
[中图分类号]R783.5 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2014)20-1717-04
Study on relation between the lip shape and facial profile in Han nationality young females
SUN Zhao-xia,CUI Chun-hong
(1.Department of Anatomy,Shandong Wanjie Medical School,Zibo 255213,Shandong,China)
Abstract: Objective Evaluated relationship with lips soft tissue and facial profile in normal young normal,measure the normal values of lip soft tissue. Methods A sample of 2012~2013 grade students (female,70, age 18~19 years old, the Han nationality) was obtained.The mean height of lips, lips width mean,positive three Court mean, morphological facial height,width of face, feature high mean value,internal the angular distance mean were obtained with facial soft tissue directly measured. Results The mean values of lips soft tissue obtained from this sample, these mean values were about lips height:(3.45±0.608)cm,labrum height:(1.95±0.317) cm, upper skin lips height:(1.29±0.326)cm, upper vermilion border height:0.67±0.201 cm, lower lips height:(1.55±0.349)cm, lower skin lips height:0.79±0.336, upper vermilion border height:(0.77±0.199)cm, upper lower vermilion border height:(1.48±0.297)cm,lips width :(4.37±0.341)cm,upper facial height: (5.92±0.770)cm, middle facial height:(5.75±0.427)cm, lower facial height:(6.07±0.607)cm,width of face:14.40±1.174cm, morphological facial height:(11.85±1.144)cm, feature high mean value:(18.59±1.234)cm, internal the angular distance:(3.32±0.339)cm. Conclusion The mean values of lip soft tissue were defined in normal reference young female;Many of reference values have correlated positively (P<0.01), which were embodied between the lips width and inner canthal distance (P=0.005),upper lips high (P=0.000), lips height (P=0.007).The changing trend of lip morphology was more thick, more wide and more narrow, more thinner. The positive correlation were between the upper lips high (P=0.043), lower lips height (P=0.004), the lips height (P=0.011) and upper facial height. Between lips height and the height of every lips except the lower lips high no related were positive correlation, it was significant positive correlation with the upper lips and the lower lips height (P=0.000). Between upper lips height and the height of every lips except the lower skin lips high no related were positive correlation,it was significant positive correlation with the upper lips height and upper vermilion border height, upper lower vermilion border height, the upper skin lips height,the lips height(P=0.000), the lower lips height (P=0.002), the upper vermilion height impacted on upper lips height were more greater than the upper skin lips height.It was significant positive correlation with the lower lips height and lower skin height (P=0.000),lips height (P=0.000), the mentolabial sulcus position affected on the lower lips height. It was significant positive correlation with the upper vermilion height and lower upper vermilion height (P=0.000).It was not related between height, width of lips and feature height, morphological facial height, width (P>0.05).It provided morphological basis for plastic surgery according to the values of lip soft tissue and the correlation of the normal reference values. Key words:lip;soft tissue;morphometry
颜面瞬息万变的表情受唇活动的影响较大,面貌的魅力取决于唇形态[1]。唇部软组织形态正常参考值对于整形外科和颌面外科的手术成功与否可以提供客观的评价指标[1-2]。因此,本研究通过对正常青年女性唇与面形态特征的分析,为整形外科、颌面外科治疗制定的提供参考依据。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料:选择2012~2013级在校女学生共70名,年龄18~19岁[1-4];均为汉族。五官端正、无面部畸形及整容史。
1.2 测量方法及要求:游标卡尺(精确到0.02mm)直接测量。安静室内自然光线,测试者取坐位,头位于Frankfort平面且与地面平行,显示正常发际线及双侧等大耳郭、双目平视正前方、上下唇自然闭合[1,5-7]。
1.3测量软组织标记点[5-8]如图1。
1.4 测量项目见表1。
1.5统计学分析:采用SPSS 17统计软件进行测量项目的相关分析,计量资料均已采用x±s表示, P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
2 结果
本研究通过直接测量,观察上下唇白唇和红唇的形态特点。唇和面部形态的各项测量指标均值(见表1),各测量指标相关研究(见表2)。研究所见:口裂宽与内眦距离、上唇高、唇高具有正相关;而上唇高、下唇高和唇高与正面三庭中上庭与具有正相关;唇各部高度和宽度与容貌面高、形态面高和面宽无相关性(见表3);唇各部高度两两相关性比较结果R2在45%以上如下(如图2):
2.1 唇高与上唇高和下唇高相关性显著,回归方程:①上唇高与唇高Y=0.810+1.354X, R2=0.499;②唇高与下唇高Y=1.373+1.370X R2=0.724,其中唇高受下唇高影响显著。
2.2 上唇高与上红唇高、上下红唇高、上白唇高及唇高相关性显著,回归方程:③上唇高与上下红唇高Y=0.146+0.684X, R2=0.534;④上唇高-上白唇高Y=1.039+0.707X,R2=0.528;⑤上唇高-上红唇高Y=1.178+1.161X,R2=0.542;其中上唇高受上红唇高影响显著其他各项。
2.3 下唇高与下白唇高、唇高相关性显著,回归方程:⑥下白唇高-下唇高Y=0.912+0.802X,R2=0.604,其中下唇高受唇高影响显著;
2.4 上红唇高与上下红唇高相关性显著,回归方程:⑦Y=0.740+1.113X,R2=0.568。
3 讨论
3.1 Moreira[3]等研究不同年龄的青少年(7、11、18岁,男女性)单侧完全性唇腭裂术后,鼻唇软组织发育不平衡,上唇短、下唇长,唇形态高度失协调,因此,唇腭裂患者在术后出现的继发鼻唇畸形需要进行修复,而修复及后期效果的评估需要有正常参考值[1-2]。本研究对18~19岁[1-4]在校学生的唇形态进行相关分析,研究所见口列宽与唇高(Y=3.431+0.272X,R2=0.234,P=0.007)和上唇高(Y=3.063+0.670X,R2=0.387,P=0.000)呈现正相关,体现唇形态改变的趋势是越厚越宽,越窄越薄;口裂宽与内眦距离(Y=2.731+0.487X,R2=0.264,P=0.005)呈现正相关,因此,口唇形态修复手术可参考口裂宽度。
同时本研究上唇高与唇各部高度(除下白唇高无相关)均呈正相关,且与上红唇高、上下红唇高、上白唇高及唇高相关性显著(P=0.000),而与下红唇高有相关性(P=0.002),且上红唇高对上唇高影响较上白唇高影响大;上唇高与上红唇高关系显著于上唇高与上白唇高关系,体现上红唇高对上唇高影响大。与高兴等[1]测得女性组唇高值(中全上唇高与全下唇高、低点上唇红高与下唇红高各成对指标间不存在密切相关性)略有不同。而唇高与下唇高相关性显著于唇高与上唇高的相关性。并且下唇高受下白唇高影响显著,与高兴等[1]测得女性组唇高值相同。下白唇高下界为颏唇沟点,说明下白唇高受颏唇沟相对位置影响大。
面部正面形态参考值可见上庭的高度与下唇高(Y=5.009+0.846X,R2=0.267,r=0.004)、下庭高(Y=3.844+0.393X,R2=0.158,p=0.016)都有相关性,而下庭高主要是唇高与颏高之和,恢复下唇高要参考上庭高。下庭高与容貌面高相互影响(P=0.022),而上、中庭对容貌面高影响不显著,可见面下部1/3形态变化较大。
本研究与祖青[9-10]等研究的中国美貌汉族女性面下形态比例对比可见(括号内数值为祖青等研究结果),上唇高/下颏唇高49%(1:2);颏高/下唇颏高63%(62%);上白唇高/上唇高68%(66%)上唇红唇高度/上唇高35%(40%);下白唇高度/下唇高50%(52%);下唇红唇高度/下唇高52%(68%)本研究对象唇的形态特点参考值多数符合审美要求。
唇各部高度和宽度与容貌面高、形态面高和面宽无相关性(P>0.05),体现唇形态不受面型影响。本研究选取的对象是有地域差别的在校学生,目的使唇形态指标量化的基础上,更能真实反映18~19岁青年女生情况,为整形美容或治疗提供客观参考依据。
[参考文献]
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[2]Theodosia Bartzela,Christos Katsaros ,Elisabeth R?nning, etal. A longitudinal three-center study of craniofacial morphology at 6 and 12 years of age in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate[J].Clin Oral Invest,2012,16:1313-1324.
[3]Moreira I,Suri S,Ross B,et al. Soft-tissue profile growth in patients with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate:A cephalometric comparison with normal controls at ages 7, 11, and 18 years[J].Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2014,145(3):341-358.
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[5]孙兆霞,程辉,崔春红.正常青年女性面侧部软组织美学特征的研究[J].中国美容整形外科杂志, 2014,25(3):164-167.
[6]孟庆兰.口唇及颏部相关性研究[J].中国美容整形外科杂志,2007,18(3):175-177.
[7]Jan Rustemeyer,Alice Martin. Soft tissue response in orthognathic surgery patients treated by bimaxillary osteotomy: cephalometry compared with 2-D photogrammetry[J].Oral Maxillofac Surg,2013,17:33-41.
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[收稿日期]2014-04-22 [修回日期]2014-06-10
编辑/何志斌
[关键词]口唇;软组织;形态测量
[中图分类号]R783.5 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2014)20-1717-04
Study on relation between the lip shape and facial profile in Han nationality young females
SUN Zhao-xia,CUI Chun-hong
(1.Department of Anatomy,Shandong Wanjie Medical School,Zibo 255213,Shandong,China)
Abstract: Objective Evaluated relationship with lips soft tissue and facial profile in normal young normal,measure the normal values of lip soft tissue. Methods A sample of 2012~2013 grade students (female,70, age 18~19 years old, the Han nationality) was obtained.The mean height of lips, lips width mean,positive three Court mean, morphological facial height,width of face, feature high mean value,internal the angular distance mean were obtained with facial soft tissue directly measured. Results The mean values of lips soft tissue obtained from this sample, these mean values were about lips height:(3.45±0.608)cm,labrum height:(1.95±0.317) cm, upper skin lips height:(1.29±0.326)cm, upper vermilion border height:0.67±0.201 cm, lower lips height:(1.55±0.349)cm, lower skin lips height:0.79±0.336, upper vermilion border height:(0.77±0.199)cm, upper lower vermilion border height:(1.48±0.297)cm,lips width :(4.37±0.341)cm,upper facial height: (5.92±0.770)cm, middle facial height:(5.75±0.427)cm, lower facial height:(6.07±0.607)cm,width of face:14.40±1.174cm, morphological facial height:(11.85±1.144)cm, feature high mean value:(18.59±1.234)cm, internal the angular distance:(3.32±0.339)cm. Conclusion The mean values of lip soft tissue were defined in normal reference young female;Many of reference values have correlated positively (P<0.01), which were embodied between the lips width and inner canthal distance (P=0.005),upper lips high (P=0.000), lips height (P=0.007).The changing trend of lip morphology was more thick, more wide and more narrow, more thinner. The positive correlation were between the upper lips high (P=0.043), lower lips height (P=0.004), the lips height (P=0.011) and upper facial height. Between lips height and the height of every lips except the lower lips high no related were positive correlation, it was significant positive correlation with the upper lips and the lower lips height (P=0.000). Between upper lips height and the height of every lips except the lower skin lips high no related were positive correlation,it was significant positive correlation with the upper lips height and upper vermilion border height, upper lower vermilion border height, the upper skin lips height,the lips height(P=0.000), the lower lips height (P=0.002), the upper vermilion height impacted on upper lips height were more greater than the upper skin lips height.It was significant positive correlation with the lower lips height and lower skin height (P=0.000),lips height (P=0.000), the mentolabial sulcus position affected on the lower lips height. It was significant positive correlation with the upper vermilion height and lower upper vermilion height (P=0.000).It was not related between height, width of lips and feature height, morphological facial height, width (P>0.05).It provided morphological basis for plastic surgery according to the values of lip soft tissue and the correlation of the normal reference values. Key words:lip;soft tissue;morphometry
颜面瞬息万变的表情受唇活动的影响较大,面貌的魅力取决于唇形态[1]。唇部软组织形态正常参考值对于整形外科和颌面外科的手术成功与否可以提供客观的评价指标[1-2]。因此,本研究通过对正常青年女性唇与面形态特征的分析,为整形外科、颌面外科治疗制定的提供参考依据。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料:选择2012~2013级在校女学生共70名,年龄18~19岁[1-4];均为汉族。五官端正、无面部畸形及整容史。
1.2 测量方法及要求:游标卡尺(精确到0.02mm)直接测量。安静室内自然光线,测试者取坐位,头位于Frankfort平面且与地面平行,显示正常发际线及双侧等大耳郭、双目平视正前方、上下唇自然闭合[1,5-7]。
1.3测量软组织标记点[5-8]如图1。
1.4 测量项目见表1。
1.5统计学分析:采用SPSS 17统计软件进行测量项目的相关分析,计量资料均已采用x±s表示, P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
2 结果
本研究通过直接测量,观察上下唇白唇和红唇的形态特点。唇和面部形态的各项测量指标均值(见表1),各测量指标相关研究(见表2)。研究所见:口裂宽与内眦距离、上唇高、唇高具有正相关;而上唇高、下唇高和唇高与正面三庭中上庭与具有正相关;唇各部高度和宽度与容貌面高、形态面高和面宽无相关性(见表3);唇各部高度两两相关性比较结果R2在45%以上如下(如图2):
2.1 唇高与上唇高和下唇高相关性显著,回归方程:①上唇高与唇高Y=0.810+1.354X, R2=0.499;②唇高与下唇高Y=1.373+1.370X R2=0.724,其中唇高受下唇高影响显著。
2.2 上唇高与上红唇高、上下红唇高、上白唇高及唇高相关性显著,回归方程:③上唇高与上下红唇高Y=0.146+0.684X, R2=0.534;④上唇高-上白唇高Y=1.039+0.707X,R2=0.528;⑤上唇高-上红唇高Y=1.178+1.161X,R2=0.542;其中上唇高受上红唇高影响显著其他各项。
2.3 下唇高与下白唇高、唇高相关性显著,回归方程:⑥下白唇高-下唇高Y=0.912+0.802X,R2=0.604,其中下唇高受唇高影响显著;
2.4 上红唇高与上下红唇高相关性显著,回归方程:⑦Y=0.740+1.113X,R2=0.568。
3 讨论
3.1 Moreira[3]等研究不同年龄的青少年(7、11、18岁,男女性)单侧完全性唇腭裂术后,鼻唇软组织发育不平衡,上唇短、下唇长,唇形态高度失协调,因此,唇腭裂患者在术后出现的继发鼻唇畸形需要进行修复,而修复及后期效果的评估需要有正常参考值[1-2]。本研究对18~19岁[1-4]在校学生的唇形态进行相关分析,研究所见口列宽与唇高(Y=3.431+0.272X,R2=0.234,P=0.007)和上唇高(Y=3.063+0.670X,R2=0.387,P=0.000)呈现正相关,体现唇形态改变的趋势是越厚越宽,越窄越薄;口裂宽与内眦距离(Y=2.731+0.487X,R2=0.264,P=0.005)呈现正相关,因此,口唇形态修复手术可参考口裂宽度。
同时本研究上唇高与唇各部高度(除下白唇高无相关)均呈正相关,且与上红唇高、上下红唇高、上白唇高及唇高相关性显著(P=0.000),而与下红唇高有相关性(P=0.002),且上红唇高对上唇高影响较上白唇高影响大;上唇高与上红唇高关系显著于上唇高与上白唇高关系,体现上红唇高对上唇高影响大。与高兴等[1]测得女性组唇高值(中全上唇高与全下唇高、低点上唇红高与下唇红高各成对指标间不存在密切相关性)略有不同。而唇高与下唇高相关性显著于唇高与上唇高的相关性。并且下唇高受下白唇高影响显著,与高兴等[1]测得女性组唇高值相同。下白唇高下界为颏唇沟点,说明下白唇高受颏唇沟相对位置影响大。
面部正面形态参考值可见上庭的高度与下唇高(Y=5.009+0.846X,R2=0.267,r=0.004)、下庭高(Y=3.844+0.393X,R2=0.158,p=0.016)都有相关性,而下庭高主要是唇高与颏高之和,恢复下唇高要参考上庭高。下庭高与容貌面高相互影响(P=0.022),而上、中庭对容貌面高影响不显著,可见面下部1/3形态变化较大。
本研究与祖青[9-10]等研究的中国美貌汉族女性面下形态比例对比可见(括号内数值为祖青等研究结果),上唇高/下颏唇高49%(1:2);颏高/下唇颏高63%(62%);上白唇高/上唇高68%(66%)上唇红唇高度/上唇高35%(40%);下白唇高度/下唇高50%(52%);下唇红唇高度/下唇高52%(68%)本研究对象唇的形态特点参考值多数符合审美要求。
唇各部高度和宽度与容貌面高、形态面高和面宽无相关性(P>0.05),体现唇形态不受面型影响。本研究选取的对象是有地域差别的在校学生,目的使唇形态指标量化的基础上,更能真实反映18~19岁青年女生情况,为整形美容或治疗提供客观参考依据。
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[收稿日期]2014-04-22 [修回日期]2014-06-10
编辑/何志斌