介绍了电容去离子技术(CDI)的工作原理、发展历程,以及实际装置中的常见脱盐模型和CDI技术的应用现状;叙述了CDI电极材料研究发展的前沿动态,归纳了CDI技术对其所使用电极材料的性能要求。综合考虑CDI工作原理和影响因素,认为现阶段提高其脱盐效果的关键在于电极材料性能;而目前的CDI研究,在模拟盐水、材料赝电容、CDI技术应用局限性等方面还存在问题。未来CDI技术在能量回收利用、与绿色能源结合使用,或进行小型化便携式发展这些方面,将具有非常好的发展优势和前景。 This paper introduces the working principle and development history of CDI and the application status of common desalting models and CDI technologies in practical applications. It also describes the frontier dynamics of CDI electrode materials research and development, Electrode material performance requirements. Taking CDI working principle and influencing factors into consideration, it is considered that the key point to improve the desalting effect at present is electrode material performance. However, the current CDI research still has some problems in simulating salt water, material pseudocapacitance and application limitations of CDI technology. Future CDI technology will have very good development advantages and prospects in terms of energy recovery, use of green energy, or miniaturization and portable development.