RNA病毒的反向遗传学操作是指由病毒的cDNA克隆获取RNA病毒的一项技术 ,该技术通过人为加入的DNA环节 ,实现了在DNA水平上对RNA病毒基因组的人工操作 ,在深入阐明病毒基因组结构与功能、发展新型病毒载体 ,尤其在研制筛选候选疫苗株等方面有很好的应用前景。本文就正链及负链RNA病毒的反向遗传学操作及技术应用进行了综述 Reverse genetics of RNA viruses refers to a technique for obtaining RNA viruses from cDNA clones of viruses by artificially manipulating the genome of RNA viruses at the DNA level by artificially joining the DNA segments, Genomic structure and function, the development of new virus vectors, especially in the development of screening candidate vaccine strains have good application prospects. This article reviews the reverse genetics and application of positive and negative strand RNA viruses