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目前空基和路基等电磁信号探测手段已经应用于地震电离层异常的探测。自从GPS数据可以用于计算电离层电子总量(TEC),这项技术被广泛关注的同时作为一个可行的手段用于探测地震前后电离层异常。本文利用东日本大地震震中附近多个IGS网络站点的数据,分析2011年3月11日发生的Mw9.0东日本大地震震区上空电离层信息,计算出TEC时间序列并进行波谱分析、包络线法异常分析、全球电离层异常地图绘制及震后3h扰动异常分析。通过分析发现,震前存在明显的电离层异常,在3月8日即震前第3天存在异常;同时也计算了震后3h的各站与卫星路径上等价TEC的P4值;且多个站与多星路径上存在着明显的电离层扰动异常,并且不断远离震中,能量逐渐衰减,证明电离层异常的发生与地震有较明显的关系。
At present, the detection methods of electromagnetic signals such as space-based and roadbed have been applied to the detection of the seismic ionosphere anomaly. Since GPS data can be used to calculate the total ionospheric electron (TEC), this technique is widely used as a feasible method to detect ionospheric anomalies before and after the earthquake. In this paper, we use the data of multiple IGS network sites near the epicenter of the East Japan Earthquake to analyze the ionospheric information over the Mw 9.0 East Japan earthquake on March 11, 2011, calculate the TEC time series and analyze the spectrum, including the Anomaly analysis of line method, global mapping of ionosphere anomaly and perturbation anomaly at 3h after earthquake. The analysis shows that there are obvious ionospheric anomalies before the earthquake and there is anomaly on the 3rd day before the earthquake on March 8, and the P4 values of equivalent TECs at each station and satellite 3h after the earthquake are also calculated There are obvious anomalies of ionospheric disturbances on the path of multiple stations and multi-stars, and further away from the epicenter, the energy gradually decays, which proves that there is a clear relationship between the occurrence of ionospheric anomalies and earthquakes.