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我厂生产的圆弧齿圆柱蜗杆减速机中的蜗轮零件采用锡磷青铜金属型离心铸造。其材料为ZQSn10—1。机械性能要求HB=100~150,σ_b≥245MPa,δ≥5%,α_k=8.8N·m/cm~2。铸件不允许存在缩松、气孔等铸造缺陷。 铜蜗轮零件如图1A所示。它的直径尺寸φd远大于厚度尺寸h,是一环状零件。通常蜗轮铸件浇注成图1B所示,零件的轮幅部分台阶不铸出,铸成环状直筒形。B种铸件成品率高,但铜液利用率低,精加工切削余量大。如根据零件形状,把铸件设计成如图1C所示形状,铸件的轮幅位置台阶形状全部铸出,加工余量降到最低限度,加工余量δ值如表1所示。生产结果表明铜水利用率最高。但各种系列的铜蜗轮铸件均产生了不同程度的缩孔和裂纹缺陷。
I plant production of arc-shaped cylindrical worm reducer parts in the tin-phosphor bronze metal centrifugal casting. Its material is ZQSn10-1. Mechanical properties required HB = 100 ~ 150, σ_b ≥ 245MPa, δ ≥ 5%, α_k = 8.8N · m / cm ~ 2. Casting does not allow the existence of shrinkage, porosity and other casting defects. Copper worm gear parts shown in Figure 1A. Its diameter φd is much larger than the thickness of the h, is a ring-shaped parts. Usually cast as shown in Figure 1B worm gear castings, part of the spokes of the steps are not cast, cast ring straight cylindrical. B casting high yield, but low utilization of copper, finishing machining allowance. For example, according to the shape of the part, the casting is designed into a shape as shown in FIG. 1C. All the steps and shapes of the spokes are cast and the machining allowances are minimized. The allowances δ values are shown in Table 1. Production results show that copper utilization is the highest. However, various series of copper worm castings have produced different degrees of shrinkage and crack defects.