宋朝对外国人在华旅行实行特许制度,旅行的核心问题是手续问题。通过对外国僧侣、使节、蕃商之间的对比以及外国人与本国人的比较可知,宋朝在办理来华外国人旅行手续方面具有三个显著特点:一是参照办理本国特定人群旅行手续的办法来办理外国对应人群的旅行手续,将管理本国人的办法延伸到外国人身上;二是宋朝为应对外国不同人群制定了各具针对性的旅行手续办理方法,管理机构和审批手续不一,各具特点;三是作为旅行手续核心的通行证功能多样,兼具贩运和担保功能。宋朝通过严格的旅行手续,有效实现了对来华外国人行踪的控制。 The Song Dynasty carried out a system of franchising for foreigners traveling in China. The core issue of travel was the formalities. Through the comparison of foreign monks, envoys and businessmen, as well as the comparison between foreigners and natives, the Song Dynasty has three distinctive features in handling the travel procedures for foreigners coming to China. First, it refers to the method of handling the travel procedures for specific groups of people in the country To handle the travel procedures for foreign counterparts and to extend the methods of managing their own people to foreigners. Secondly, the Song Dynasty formulated various targeted travel formalities for dealing with different groups of people in foreign countries. There are different regulatory agencies and different approval formalities Thirdly, the passport, which is the core of the travel procedure, is diversified and has the functions of trafficking and guarantee. The Song Dynasty passed strict travel procedures and effectively controlled the whereabouts of foreigners coming to China.