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应用土壤水分快速测量仪对位于黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区新建榆(林)佳(县)高速公路沿途不同乔木种植初期配置及管理方案下0~80cm土层土壤含水量进行测量,结合新植乔木存活情况,对该区高速公路沿途乔木配置及植后管理提出优化方案。由于该区“低降水高蒸发”的气候特点,适宜的灌水模式是乔木存活的重要保证。修建工程护坡能有效地降低坡向对土壤含水量的影响,在无工程护坡区域栽种苗木,宜偏向坡坎内侧,尤其在阳坡栽种时,应在目前采用的距坡坎内1~1.2m的基础上进一步内移,以期使植物获得更多的土壤水分。覆膜措施对保持土壤含水量、提高乔木成活率的作用显著;对于已成活但树梢、叶尖干枯失水的苗木,可采用搭制荫棚遮荫的方式补救。为提高沙土区植被水分利用效率,应采用少量多次的灌水模式,而黄土区宜采用少次多量模式。榆(林)佳(县)高速公路沿途均应增加对阳坡、半阳坡植被的灌水频率,以提高阳坡、半阳坡乔木成活率。
The soil water content of 0 ~ 80cm soil layer under different planting and management schemes of early arbor planting along the New Yu (Lin) Jia (County) Expressway located in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of Loess Plateau was measured with soil moisture fast measuring instrument. Survival of the highway along the highway along the allocation of trees and plant management optimization program. Because of the climatic characteristics of “low precipitation and high evaporation” in this area, suitable irrigation patterns are an important guarantee for the survival of trees. The construction of slope protection can effectively reduce the influence of slope on soil moisture content. Planting seedlings should be inclined to the inner side of slope slope in the area of non-engineering slope protection, especially when planting on the sunny slope, within the range of 1 ~ 1.2m Based on further internal migration, in order to make plants get more soil moisture. Mulching has a significant effect on maintaining the soil moisture and increasing the survival rate of trees. For those seedlings that have survived but have no signs of dryness on the tips of the trees and leaves, the shading can be used to remedy the problem. In order to improve the water use efficiency of the vegetation in the sand area, a few times of irrigation modes should be adopted, while the loess area should adopt the mode of less and more times. Yu (Lin) Jia (county) highway along the way should increase the positive slope, semi-sunny slope vegetation irrigation frequency in order to improve sunny slope, semi-sunny tree survival rate.