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我们现今所说的“友”或“朋友”一词的含义,在历史上曾经发生了很大变化。西周时期,“友”指同姓同族之兄弟,亦指兄弟相处的伦理规范;春秋战国时期,“友”的含义逐渐发生了衍化:一是作为人称,所指的对象由亲属关系(同姓同族兄弟)向社交关系转变;二是作为一种伦理规范,则逐渐丧失了宗法政治的功能,而向家庭伦理转变;三是由于社会交往的范围日益扩大,异姓同族之人交朋结友的现象不断增多,又相应地产生了以“信”为核心的“朋友之道”。“友”的含义的如上改变,从一个侧面反映了周秦之际的中国社会变迁。
What we now call the meaning of the word “friend” or “friend” has undergone major changes in history. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, “friend” refers to the brotherhood of the same surnames and brothers and refers to the ethical norms of getting along with the brothers. During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, the meanings of “friend” gradually evolved: first, as a person, the object referred to by relatives ) To social relations; Second, as an ethical code, it gradually lost the function of patriarchal politics, and changed to family ethics. Third, due to the growing scope of social interaction, the same surname and the same people make friends Increase, and correspondingly produced a “letter” as the core of “friend’s way.” The above changes in the meaning of “friend” reflect from one aspect the social changes in China on the occasion of the Zhou and Qin Dynasties.