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噪声性聋的形态学基础是螺旋器的破坏和最后消失。螺旋器破坏机理有二:一是高强度噪声暴露直接产生机械性破坏,二是中强度噪声暴露产生代谢代偿失调随后感觉器官变性。以豚鼠为例,经中心频率为2000Hz的150dB SPL的窄带噪声暴露1分钟后发现,2000H z损伤中心区在基底及较低的第二转。该处螺旋器完全缺失,在远离中心区的外毛细胞轻微变形,接近中心区损伤逐渐加重,常为感觉毛细胞弯曲,外毛细胞严重肿胀变形,大量细胞畸变,胞浆移位,鼓阶面细胞脱位,群聚在基底膜上某些部位。变形细胞表面常形成突起,无小皮板或网状层加固,乃导致膜破裂和细胞破坏,使螺旋器开裂,内淋巴外漏。在螺旋器缺失处,基底膜上出现孔洞或撕
The morphological basis of noise-induced deafness is the destruction and eventual disappearance of the spiral. Spiral destruction mechanism has two: First, high-intensity noise exposure directly to produce mechanical damage, and second, medium-intensity noise exposure to produce metabolic decompensation followed by sensory organ degeneration. Taking guinea pigs as an example, after a 1-minute exposure to a narrow-band noise of 150 dB SPL with a center frequency of 2000 Hz, it was found that the 2000 Hz center of damage was at the basal and lower second turns. Spiral complete absence of the Department, in the far away from the center of the outer hair cells slightly deformed near the central area of injury gradually aggravated, often feel the hair cells bent, severe swelling of outer hair cells, a large number of cell aberrations, cytoplasm shift, Facial cell dislocation, clustered in the basement membrane in some parts. Often deformed on the surface of the formation of protuberances, no small skin or reticular layer reinforcement, leading to membrane rupture and cell damage, so that the spiral rupture, internal lymphatic leakage. In the absence of the helix, there are holes or tears in the basement membrane