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近代以来,妇女生育经历了一场基于西医知识体系的医疗化过程,这是中国社会近代化的组成部分。而在这个过程中,传统产婆面临着被官方以及医学界取缔和改造的命运。传统的生育风俗受到批判,产婆的生活受到干扰和介入,她们因抗争而发出的声音因此而进入历史档案。北京是取缔产婆较早进行的城市,从媒体、知识分子到普通群众,都对产婆的态度发生变化。通过对此时北京产婆生存的微观考察可以看出生育医疗化进程中的一些具体面相。
Since modern times, women’s fertility has undergone a medicalization process based on the knowledge system of Western medicine, which is an integral part of the social modernization in China. In this process, the traditional midwife is facing the fate of being banned and transformed by the government and the medical community. The tradition of childbirth has been criticized, the lives of midwives interfered and intervened, and as a result their voices of resistance have entered the historical archives. Beijing is a city that banned the birth of the wives earlier, and the attitude toward the midwife changed from the media, intellectuals to the general public. Through the microscopic examination of the survival of Beijing midwives at this time we can see some specific aspects of the process of birth medicalization.