德国的消防组织以各地区志愿消防队为主,官方的消防局主要起指导协调作用。经过几百年的历练,这套组织机构已经适应了德国国情,并形成了较高的灭火效率。我们摘编了发生于去年3月份的邓乐普轮胎厂大火,不是提倡中国也改为德国的消防体制——因为中国有自己的国情,当社会不是普遍富裕时,要让社会来承担防灭火任务是达不到目的的——而是希望借鉴他们比我们先进的人文关怀。这里起码有两个方面:一是德国对环境保护的注重。众所周知,轮胎在燃烧后会散发出大量的有毒气体。如果人们处于下风方向,呼吸时间长了就会窒息毙命。所以德国的消防队和环保组织接到轮胎起火报警后,马上对大气环境进行监测,不断地分析地面周围的空气成分。一旦发现有毒气体超标,火场指挥部就要立即组织周围群众疏散,而且当天就建议初级学校和幼儿园暂时关闭一天。这一点很值得我们注意,重庆开县天然气井喷事件中,一天之内造成了数百人中毒死亡,显然这方面就是一大缺憾。应该如何汲取教训呢?这篇文章可以参考。二是德国发生火灾,火场立即就成立相应的对外宣传报道机构。记者和媒体也自然会主动去接近宣传中心,这样一方面消息传递快捷,另一方面也比较准确。邓乐普轮胎厂凌晨发生火灾,到早上5点左右当地媒体已普遍进行了报道。上述建议小孩子停课一天的决定也是通过媒体传达的。这一点同样值得我们学习,反观国内的一些事故发生后,特别是特大恶性事故发生后,一些地方都是能瞒的就瞒,能压的就压。所以我们这里常常会出现本地媒体无消息(有也是轻描淡写,或大谈英勇扑救),外地媒体大做文章的奇观。由于距离较远,又是道听途说,因此报道也难以真实。笔者认为,正在修改的《消防法》应该明确火场宣传报道的机制,这是很重要的!“它山之石,可以攻玉。”尽管近年来中国消防事业成绩斐然,各方面的工作都有了长足进步,但应该承认,我们面临的问题还是很多的,而且从根本上说,就是一个体制机制的问题。各国的好经验可谓多矣,我们只要虚心学习,认真研讨,能在每个国家的消防经验中学那么一两条,就不会有解决不了的难题,此本文旨要也! The German fire service is dominated by volunteer fire brigades in various regions, and the official fire station plays a guiding and coordinating role. After hundreds of years of experience, this set of organizations has adapted to the German national conditions, and formed a higher fire-fighting efficiency. We compiled the fire at the Dunlop tire factory in March last year and did not advocate that China change its name to the German fire system. Because China has its own national conditions, it is up to society to take precautions against fire when the society is not generally rich Not for the purpose - but for learning from their advanced humane care. Here are at least two aspects: First, Germany’s emphasis on environmental protection. As we all know, the tire will emit a lot of toxic gases after burning. If people are leeward, they breathe and kill when they breathe longer. Therefore, the German fire brigade and environmental organizations received a tire alarm after the fire, the atmosphere immediately monitored and constantly analyze the composition of the air around the ground. Once the toxic gas is found to exceed the standard, the fire headquarters immediately organize evacuation of the surrounding people, and on the same day it is recommended that the primary schools and kindergartens temporarily shut down for a day. This is something that deserves our attention. In the case of a natural gas blowout in Kaixian, Chongqing, which caused the poisoning of hundreds of people within one day, it is clear that this area is a major shortcoming. How to learn the lesson? This article is for reference. The second is a fire in Germany, the fire immediately set up a corresponding foreign media coverage agencies. Journalists and the media will naturally take the initiative to close to the publicity center, so that the one hand, quick messaging, on the other hand more accurate. Deng Le Pu tire factory fire early in the morning, around 5 am local media have been generally reported. The above-mentioned decision to suspend a day for small children is also conveyed through the media. This point is also worth our study. On the contrary, after some domestic accidents have taken place, especially in the aftermath of the catastrophic accident, some places can conceal and suppress their pressure. So here we often find there is no news of the local media (there are also understatement, or talk about heroic fighting), the foreign media wonders wonders. As the distance is hearsay, so the report is difficult to be true. The author believes that the “fire brigade” that is being amended should make it clear that the mechanism of propaganda and reporting on the scene of fire is very important. “It’s a rock of mountains that can attack jade.” Despite the remarkable achievements made by China’s firefighting services in recent years, all aspects of work Have made great strides and improvements. However, we should admit that the problems we face are still very much, and fundamentally speaking, they are an issue of institutional mechanism. Good experience of all countries can be described as more than men, as long as we have an open mind study, serious discussion, in each country’s fire experience secondary school so one or two, there will be no solution to the problem, the purpose of this article also!