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人民调解作为民间社会纠纷解决机制,社会对于纠纷解决的普遍参与,而非个别权威或权威阶层对纠纷解决的垄断和强制是其保持自治的重要因素。外生型与自治型之间的矛盾是当前人民调解制度面临的体制障碍,也是影响人民调解纠纷解决能力的主要原因。自治型人民调解在加强社会自我解纷能力、弥补法律空白和促进公共道德重建等方面有着重要的社会意义。未来人民调解制度的发展应当以其群众性、民间性、草根性为特色而立足,通过社区参与、注重社区文化并借助民间组织活力迈向自治型纠纷解决机制。
People mediation, as a civil society dispute resolution mechanism and society’s universal participation in dispute resolution, is not only the monopoly and coercion of dispute resolution by individual authorities or authority groups, but also an important factor in its autonomy. The contradiction between exogenous and autonomy is the institutional obstacle facing the current system of people’s mediation and the main reason that affects people’s ability to resolve disputes through mediation. Autonomous people’s mediation plays an important social significance in strengthening the capacity of social self-defense, making up the legal gaps and promoting public moral reconstruction. In the future, the development of the people’s mediation system should be based on its mass, non-governmental and grassroots characteristics. Through community participation, community culture should be emphasized, and civil society organizations should take the vitality toward the autonomous dispute resolution mechanism.