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目的对唐山市2010-2015年艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体初筛阳性标本的确证实验结果进行回顾统计分析,为唐山市的艾滋病检测工作提供技术支持。方法对来自唐山市辖区内63家HIV初筛实验室酶联免疫吸附试验筛查结果为双阳或一阴一阳的1085例标本,使用蛋白印迹试验进行确证实验。用SPSS-19进行统计分析。结果1085例样本中,确证阳性707例,阳性率为65.2%;不确定176例,不确定率为16.2%;阴性202例,阴性率为18.6%;2010-2015年各年确证阳性率、确证不确定率和确证阴性率间差异有统计学意义(χ2=97.694,P<0.001)。2010-2015年确证阳性率分别为62.1%、50.6%、44.5%、63.9%、81.7%、77.7%。自愿咨询检测的确证阳性率(92.4%)高于医疗机构(70.8%)(χ2=51.994,P<0.001)。医疗机构确证阳性率高于血站(28.4%)(χ2=177.346,P<0.001)。确证阳性结果中全带型占54.3%;不确定结果随访率为31.3%,其中出现p24、gp160带型的样本随访阳转率为100%。结论 2010-2015年确证阳性率有提高;出现全带型的确证阳性病例已经不是新近感染;提示加强宣传,增加自愿咨询检测量,加强医疗机构的检测范围,以期发现更多的早期感染病例,同时加强不确定结果的随访力度,尽早发现感染者,避免二代传播。
Objective To retrospectively analyze the confirmatory test results of positive HIV positive samples from 2010 to 2015 in Tangshan City and provide technical support for HIV testing in Tangshan City. Methods A total of 1085 specimens from Shuangyang or Yinanyang were screened from 63 HIV screening laboratories in Tangshan area and confirmed by Western blotting. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-19. Results Of the 1085 samples, 707 were confirmed positive, the positive rate was 65.2%; 176 cases were indefinite, the uncertainty rate was 16.2%; 202 were negative, the negative rate was 18.6%; the positive rate was confirmed in each year from 2010 to 2015 The difference between the uncertainty rate and the confirmed negative rate was statistically significant (χ2 = 97.694, P <0.001). The positive rates in 2010-2015 were 62.1%, 50.6%, 44.5%, 63.9%, 81.7% and 77.7%, respectively. The positive rate of voluntary counseling and testing (92.4%) was higher than that of medical institutions (70.8%) (χ2 = 51.994, P <0.001). Medical institutions confirmed the positive rate was higher than that of blood (28.4%) (χ2 = 177.346, P <0.001). Confirmed positive results in the whole band accounted for 54.3%; uncertain outcome follow-up rate was 31.3%, which appeared p24, gp160 strip type of sample follow-up positive rate was 100%. Conclusions The positive rate of confirmed positives increased from 2010 to 2015. The positive confirmed cases of full banding were no longer recent infections. It suggested that publicity should be intensified to increase the voluntary counseling and testing volume and strengthen the detection scope of medical institutions in order to find out more cases of early infection, At the same time, we should intensify the follow-up of uncertain outcomes and find those infected as soon as possible to avoid the spread of the second generation.