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对来自国内外60份不同类型高粱材料的农艺性状、产量性状和品质性状在新疆干旱区的表现进行分析比较,目的是了解不同高粱类型在新疆干旱区的差异表现,为新疆干旱区能源用高粱品种选育提供参考依据。研究发现,供试高粱材料间生育期差异显著(P<0.05),其中,甜高粱的生育期最长,平均为116.8d,变幅在100.5～131.5d之间。农艺性状分析发现,帚高粱的株高最高,平均为275.2cm,籽粒高粱最矮,平均只有235.6cm。甜高粱的伸长节间数最多,平均为12.6个,其中,甜高粱X054伸长节间数最多,为15.6个。各高粱类型的产量构成差异较大,籽粒高粱的籽粒产量最高,平均为7.9t/hm2,而甜高粱和帚高粱的茎秆产量较高,分别为10.3和10.2t/hm2,全株总干物质积累量以甜高粱为最高,平均为25.3t/hm2,变幅在18.4～31.5t/hm2之间,其次为帚高粱的23.6t/hm2,籽粒高粱最低,平均只有20.3t/hm2。品质性状分析表明,籽粒各组分含量最为稳定,各高粱类型间差异较小,其次为叶片和叶鞘,而不同高粱类型间茎秆的碳水化合物含量和木质素含量差异较大,其中,甜高粱表现出更高的可溶性总糖含量,平均为236.6g/kg,是籽粒高粱的3倍、帚高粱的2倍之多,而甜高粱的木质纤维素含量明显低于籽粒高粱和帚高粱,特别是纤维素含量,平均要低100g/kg以上。碳水化合物产量分析发现甜高粱和帚高粱的平均积累量较高,分别为14.2和13.8t/hm2,各高粱类型中均以纤维素和半纤维的贡献最大,特别是帚高粱材料,平均贡献率达65.9%。综上,相比于籽粒高粱和帚高粱,甜高粱整体表现出更强的能源利用潜力。同时应指出,各类型高粱材料均为宝贵的种质资源,应充分的挖掘利用,以筛选并进一步培育出适合新疆干旱区种植的能源用高粱新品种。
The performance of agronomic traits, yield traits and quality traits in 60 different types of sorghum from home and abroad were analyzed and compared in arid areas in Xinjiang in order to understand the different performance of different types of sorghum in arid areas of Xinjiang, Breeding breeding provide a reference. The results showed that there was significant difference (P <0.05) between the growth stages of the tested sorghum materials, of which the sweet sorghum had the longest growth period with an average of 116.8 days and the amplitude ranging from 100.5 to 131.5 days. Analysis of agronomic traits found that broom sorghum has the highest plant height with an average of 275.2 cm and the sorghum is the shortest with an average of 235.6 cm. Sweet sorghum had the largest number of internodes with an average of 12.6. Among them, the number of X054 elongation in sweet sorghum was the highest (15.6). The yield components of each sorghum varied widely. Grain sorghum had the highest grain yield, with an average of 7.9t / hm2, while sweet sorghum and broom sorghum had higher stem yields of 10.3 and 10.2 t / hm2, The accumulation amount of sweet sorghum was the highest with an average of 25.3t / hm2, with a variation range of 18.4 ~ 31.5t / hm2, followed by 23.6t / hm2 broom sorghum with the lowest sorghum average of only 20.3t / hm2. The analysis of quality traits showed that the content of each component of grain was the most stable, the differences among the types of sorghum were minor, followed by leaves and sheaths, while the differences of carbohydrate content and lignin content among different sorghum types were significant. Among them, sweet sorghum Showed a higher total soluble sugar content, averaging 236.6 g / kg, which was three times that of sorghum and twice as much as broom sorghum, while the content of lignocellulose in sorghum was significantly lower than that of sorghum and sorghum The cellulose content, on average, lower than 100g / kg. Carbohydrate yield analysis found that the average accumulation of sweet sorghum and broom sorghum were higher, which were 14.2 and 13.8t / hm2, respectively, and the contribution of cellulose and hemicellulose to each sorghum type was the highest, especially for broom sorghum materials. The average contribution rate Up to 65.9%. In conclusion, sweet sorghum shows more potential for energy utilization as a whole than grain sorghum and broom sorghum. At the same time, it should be pointed out that all kinds of sorghum materials are valuable germplasm resources and should be fully tapped to screen and further to breed new energy-use sorghum varieties suitable for planting in the arid region of Xinjiang.