目的了解不同民族肠道微生物群落的种群分布、遗传多样性,并通过分析比较不同民族高尿酸血症患者与正常人群肠道菌群的变化规律,揭示肠道菌群与高尿酸血症的关系。方法采用病例对照方法结合变形梯度凝胶电泳(16SrDNA-PCR/DGGE)技术,对新疆维吾尔族和汉族高尿酸血症患者和正常人群肠道菌群进行研究。结果汉族和维吾尔族人群肠道中细菌主要归12个属:不可培养杆菌属、杆菌属、毛螺旋菌科Roseburia属、真杆菌属、嗜果胶拟杆菌属、梭状芽孢杆菌属、脆弱拟杆菌属、疣微菌属、粪球菌属、Lachnospira属、肠道产丁酸细菌属、消化链球菌属及Blautia luti strain bln属。高尿酸组和正常组肠道优势菌属差异有统计学意义(χ2=143.415,P=0.000)。汉族和维吾尔族人群肠道菌群分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=102.534,P=0.000)。高尿酸组中毛螺旋菌科Roseburia属、乳酸菌多于正常组。新疆汉族人群肠道中除了乳酸杆菌属外,其他细菌属均高于维吾尔族。结论高尿酸组和正常组以及2个民族人群肠道菌群分布差异性不大,但是仍然表现出一定的差异。希望在今后更为先进的检测技术的指导下对于人类肠道菌群与疾病的研究更加准确和具有科学性,为减少高尿酸血症及其他代谢性疾病的发生提供科学指导。 Objective To understand the population distribution and genetic diversity of intestinal microflora in different ethnic groups and to reveal the relationship between intestinal microflora and hyperuricemia by analyzing the changes of intestinal flora in patients with hyperuricemia and normal population from different ethnic groups . Methods The case-control method combined with the modified-gradient gel electrophoresis (16SrDNA-PCR / DGGE) was used to study the intestinal microflora of Uygur and Han patients with hyperuricemia and normal subjects. Results The bacteria in the intestine of Han and Uygur population mainly belong to 12 genera: non-culturable Bacillus, Bacillus, Rhodospirillum Roseburia, Eubacterium, Bacteroides spp., Clostridium, Bacteroides fragilis Genus Verrucon, genus Faecalis, genus Lachnospira, genus Gut Bacteria, Peptostreptococcus, and Blautia luti strain bln genus. There were significant differences in intestinal dominant bacteria between high uric acid group and normal group (χ2 = 143.415, P = 0.000). The distribution of intestinal flora in Han and Uygur populations was statistically different (χ2 = 102.534, P = 0.000). In the group of high uric acid, the genus Roseburia belongs to genus Lactobacillus and the lactic acid bacteria is more than the normal group. In addition to Lactobacillus in the intestine of Han people in Xinjiang, other bacteria are higher than Uyghur. Conclusion The distribution of intestinal microflora in high uric acid group, normal group and two ethnic groups is not different, but still shows some differences. Hope that in the future more advanced detection technology under the guidance of human intestinal flora and disease more accurate and scientific research to reduce the incidence of hyperuricemia and other metabolic diseases provide scientific guidance.